Term
| biological treatments include: |
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Definition
drug therapies
psychotherapy
electric therapy |
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Definition
| mood and anxiety disorders |
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Term
| o Monoamine oxidaze inhibitors (MAOIs |
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Definition
| slow the breakdown of monoamine NT (serotonin, dopamine, nore, epinephrine) in the brain |
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Term
| Monoamine oxidaze inhibitors (MAOIs) used for: |
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Definition
Depression, sometimes anxiety
• People with depression have lower levels of serotonin in brain, so this treatment causes the slow down the use/processing of serotonin |
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Term
| Tricyclic antidepressants |
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Definition
| - block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine |
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Term
| Tricyclic antidepressants used for |
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Definition
| depression, sometimes ADHD. |
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Term
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)- |
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Definition
| only block reuptake of serotonin (not norepinephrine) |
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Term
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used for: |
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Definition
• Used for depression, sometimes anxiety
• Most commonly used today. |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
• Used for depression.
• Same type of idea of SSRIs, but not serotonin |
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Term
| effecriveness of SSRIs and tricyclics |
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Definition
| • SSRIs and tricyclics are comparable in efficacy, but used more bc they have less side effects in SSRIs |
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Term
| SSRIs work well with ppl with: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| commonly prescribed anxiolytic that produces calming effects |
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Term
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Definition
another commonly prescribed anxiolytic
anxiety
high risk of OD |
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Term
| barbiturate and benzodiazepines are used in combo with -- and can result with-- |
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Definition
| • Both are often used in combination with SSRIs and can result in severe withdrawal. |
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Term
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Definition
a salt that is effective in stabilizing mania
bipolar disorder |
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Term
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Definition
o Works in long-term
o Weak in treating acute phases of mania
o Anticonvulsants and antipsychotics work about the same, with less side effects.
o Needs to be monitored bc OD and dosage level are very close. |
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Term
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Definition
Phenothiazines
Traditional antipsychotics-
Atypical antipsychotics- |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that diminishes hallucinations, confusion, agitation, and paranoia by blocking dopamine receptors |
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Term
| • Traditional antipsychotics- |
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Definition
| phenothiazines and haloperidol; first drugs used to manage psychotic symptoms |
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Term
| Traditional antipsychotics can result in |
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Definition
| • Tardive dyskinesia- repetitive, involuntary movements of jaw, tongue, face and mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
block a different type of dopamine receptor
• No tardive dyskinesia
• Some people get tremors, weight gain, cancer |
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Term
| • Effectiveness of typical and atypical antipsychotics: (work best for people with:) |
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Definition
• Positve symptoms (outerward)
• Side effects, regulations, and nature prevent a lot of people to continue use of these drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surgery in which the connections between the PFC (thinking) and lower portion (emotion) of the brain are severed. |
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Term
issues with prefrontal lobotomy
use today: |
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Definition
• PFC is not only associated with thinking but also with planning, social interaction, motivation, and therefore caused a lot of issues.
• Usuage decreased with advent of antipsychotics
• Side effects with antipsychotics stop with use, but lobotomy was permanant. |
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Term
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Definition
| o Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)- |
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Term
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-
effectiveness- |
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Definition
involves passing an electrical current through a person’s brain to cause a seizure.
o Effectiveness:
• Relieves symptoms of severe depression, as long as it is regularly used |
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Term
| problem for Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
| • Can create permanent memory loss. |
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Term
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) electrodes placed in area |
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Definition
| 25; junction that controls moods |
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Term
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Definition
| use of psychological techniques to modify maladaptive behaviors or thought patterns (or both) |
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Term
| • Sigmund Freud developed: |
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Definition
| Psychoanalytic therapy: approach orientated toward major personality change with a focus on uncovering unconscious motives |
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Term
| what was coined by Freud and what is it |
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Definition
o Hysteria (coined by freud) :
• Freud’s first patients: women who exhibited physical symptoms but had no detectable physical disorders (somatoform disorder-like)
• Freud: symptoms were related to unconscious emotional events which are called hysterical conversion |
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Term
| 2 defense mechanisms coined by Freud |
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Definition
| repression and resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| - (Freud’s most proud and original idea)- force that prevents the active re-experienceing of a traumatic memory, |
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Term
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Definition
| • Resistance: force that blocks free association (talk therapy |
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Term
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Definition
• Wish fulfillment hypothesis
• Dreams express hidden desires and wants. |
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Term
| techniques for dream interpretation |
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Definition
• Free association: patient takes an image or idea from a dream and says whatever comes to mind regarding that image or idea.
• Symbolism: Translation of images from dreams into what they represent in the real world. |
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Term
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Definition
a patient reacts to a person in a present relationship as though that person were someone from the patient’s past.
• In therapy: Analyst becomes target. Client becomes sexually attracted to therapist/ or starts hating them. |
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Term
| legacy of psychoanalytic theries |
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Definition
• Physical symptoms as a result of psychological distress.
• Role of unconscious processes
• Original form of “talk therapy” |
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Term
| weaknesses of psychoanalytic theories |
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Definition
• Based on small sample of patients
o Brewer’s patient of Anna O.
• Theoretical concepts based on speculation, rather than empirical evidence
• Intolerance of criticism on theories |
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Term
| humanistic theory developed by |
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Definition
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Term
| carl rodgers and humanistic theories believed disorder are result of |
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Definition
result of loss of self-worth
• Results from worrying about what other people think |
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Term
| goals of humanistic theory |
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Definition
• To create an atmosphere of trust and understanding rather than judgment.
• To help the client reach her/his greatest potential. “be the best you can be” |
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Term
| humanistic theory developed |
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Definition
| Client-centered therapy- therapist shows unconditional positive regard for the client |
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Term
| behvioral treatment assumptions: |
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Definition
• Maladaptive behaviors are a product of learning
• These behaviors can be unlearned |
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Term
| behavioral treatment focus |
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Definition
| o Focus on changing behaviors, rather than thoughts, feelings or motives. |
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Term
| behavioral treatment uses principles of: and used for people with |
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Definition
• Use principles of classical and operant conditioning
• Pavlov dog conditioning-stuff put into therapy.
• Operant behavior: rewards/punishments
• Often used in substance abuse people
• Rewards for sobriety.
• Change behaviors, not thoughts (thoughts follow suit). |
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Term
| • Behavioral Treatment Types: |
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Definition
token economy
systematic desensitization |
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Term
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Definition
o Desired behaviors are positively reinforced with tokens • Child gets sticker for not hitting brother
Tokens can be saved and exchanged for priviledges |
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Term
| Systematic desensitization- |
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Definition
| pairing of relaxation techniques with gradual exposure to a phobic object |
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Term
| Systematic desensitization is great for |
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Definition
getting over fears and phobias
Hierarchy is used |
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Term
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Definition
any therapies that work to restructure irrational thought • Opposite of behavioral treatment.
• Start w/ correcting the thoughts |
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Term
| o Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): |
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Definition
combines techniques for restructuring irrational thoughts with operant and classical conditioning
• Most widely used therapy today
• Encourages reappraisal of potential emotional threats |
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Term
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Definition
| • Several people who share a common problem meet together regularly with a therapist |
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Term
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Definition
o Meeting of people who share a common situation (substance use AA)
• Disorder
• Disease
o May not be led by a therapist
o Less structured than group therapy. |
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Term
| Effectiveness of Psychological Treatments |
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Definition
• Smith & Glass, 1977
o Any kid of therapy is better than none at all
• Usefulness often depends on nature of the client’s disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| o Most forms of therapy are effective with few significant differences You’re all winners, you all got to the point you needed to. |
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Term
| • Drugs and psychotherapy Most effective in treating -- with combination of -- |
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Definition
| depression by using SSRI's and cognitive-behavioral therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| eclectic approach using treatment approaches from various types of psychotherapy. |
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Term
| o Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) |
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Definition
• Combines CBT and mindfulness meditation
• Teaches clients to recognize thoughts without judgment and to restructure them. |
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Term
| o Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) |
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Definition
• Similar to MBCT minus meditation
• Used for treating borderline personality disorder |
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