Term
| What are the roles of custodial sentencing? |
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Definition
Retribution - punishment, removal of liberty
Deterence - vicarious negative reinforcement
Rehabilitation - reforming, councilling, educating offenders
Protection of society - keep offenders away from society |
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Term
| How could each role of custodial sentencing be inneffective? |
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Definition
Retribution - to comfortable environment and sentence isn't harsh enough
Deterrence - encouragement from other prisoners
Rehabilitation - people re-offend and treatment needs funding from tax payers
Protection of society - only effective while they are in prison |
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Term
| What are the negative effects of prison? |
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Definition
| Isolation, depression, no job prospects, difficulty getting back into society, institutionalisation, learning how to be a better offender (University of Crime) |
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Term
| What is recidivism and what are the rates for the UK? |
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Definition
The offender is released from prison and commits another crime
46% |
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Term
| What is the method of the Stanford prison experiment? |
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Definition
| 22 male students were randomly allocated the role of guard or prisoner for a mock prison. the prisoners remained in the prison for 24 hours a day and guards were given no specific instructions on how to maintain order. There was a clear ban on any physical violence. |
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Term
| What are the results of the Stanford prison experiment? |
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Definition
| The experiment had to be stopped after 6 days due to extreme reactions from the prisoners such as depression and from the guards such as dehumanising the prisoners |
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Term
| What are the strengths of the Stanford prison experiment? |
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Definition
| -The participants were fully debriefed and assessed weeks, months and years after. |
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Term
| What are the weaknesses of the Stanford prison experiment? |
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Definition
-may be seen as unethical
-Lacks ecological validity
-length of sentence and lack of physical violence had effect on guards' and prisoners' behaviour |
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Term
| Why is custodial sentencing ineffective? |
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Definition
-offending is not always a rational choice
-prison doesn't follow known principles of learning |
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Term
| What are the principles of learning and how does custodial sentencing go against them? |
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Definition
Probable - many crimes aren't solved
Prompt - long delay between crime and imprisonment
Aversive - the prisons aren't harsh enough so not unfavourable |
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Term
| What is restorative justice? |
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Definition
| When the offender and victim meet and the offender is healed by seeing consequences of their actions |
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Term
| What was the method of the Sherman and Strang study into restorative justice? |
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Definition
| Data from 36 studies from the UK and abroad comparing restorative and conventional justice were analysed. Some programmes included face to face meetings between victim and offender and some included the offender paying money to the victim. |
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Term
| What was the resullts of the Sherman and Strang study into restorative justice? |
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Definition
-recidivism was reduced by half for some offenders
-PTSD symptoms and desire for revenge were reduced in victims |
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