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Traweek Test 1
N/A
76
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
02/12/2012

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sociology
Definition
The systematic study of human society.
Term
Sociological perspective
Definition
Seeing the general in the particular.
Term
Emile Durkheim
Definition
Showed that social forces are at work even in such an intensely personal action such as suicide.
Term
Global perspective
Definition
The study of the larger world and our society's place in it.
Term
High-income countries
Definition
The nations with the highest over-all standards of living.
Term
Middle-income countries
Definition
Nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole.
Term
Low-income countries
Definition
Nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor.
Term
Origins
Definition
New industrial economy, The growth of cities, Political change.
Term
Auguste Comte
Definition
Coined the term Sociology in 1838.
Term
Positivism
Definition
A scientific approach to knowlege based on positive facts as opposed to mere speculation.
Term
Theory
Definition
A statement of how and why specific facts are related.
Term
Theoretical approach
Definition
A basic image of society that guides thinking and research.
Term
The structural-functional approach
Definition
A framework for building the theory that sees the society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
Term
Social structure
Definition
Any relatively stable pattern of social behavior.
Term
Robert Merton
Definition
Expanded our understanding of social function.
Term
Social dysfunction
Definition
Any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society.
Term
Social-conflict approach
Definition
An arena of inequality that generates conflict and change.
Term
Gender-conflict approach
Definition
A point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men.
Term
Feminism
Definition
Support of social equality for women and men.
Term
Race-conflict approach
Definition
A point of view that focuses on inquality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories.
Term
The symbolic-interaction approach.
Definition
A framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals.
Term
Concept
Definition
A mental construct that represents some aspect of the world in a simplified form.
Term
Variable
Definition
A concept whose value changes from case to case.
Term
Mesurement
Definition
A procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case.
Term
Reliability
Definition
Consistency in measurement.
Term
Validity
Definition
Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure.
Term
Androcentricity
Definition
Approaching an issue from a male perspective.
Term
Gyrocentricity
Definition
Seeing the world from a female perspective.
Term
Overgeneralizing
Definition
Occurs when sociologists gather data only from men but then use that info to draw conclusions about all people.
Term
Research Method
Definition
A systematic plan for doing research.
Term
Experiment
Definition
A research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controled conditions.
Term
Survey
Definition
A research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions on a questionnaire or in an interview.
Term
Participant observation
Definition
 A research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine.
Term
Society
Definition
Refers to people who interact in a defined teritory and share a culture.
Term
Culture shock
Definition
Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life.
Term
Language
Definition
A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another.
Term
Equal opporitunity
Definition
Not equality of condition but equality of opporitunity.
Term
Individual achievement and personal success
Definition
Encourages competition so that each person's rewards should reflect personal merit.
Term
Material comfort
Definition
Making money and enjoying what it will buy.
Term
Activity and work
Definition
Doers who get the job done.
Term
Practicality and efficiency
Definition
Valuing the practical over theoretical doing and dreaming.
Term
Science
Definition
Expecting scientists to solve problems and to improve our lives.
Term
Freedom
Definition
Favoring individual initiative over collective conformity.
Term
Racism and group superiority
Definition
Judging others according to gender, race, ethinicity, and social class.
Term
Norms
Definition
Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.
Term
Mores
Definition
Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.
Term
Folkways
Definition
Norms for routine or casual interaction.
Term
Technology
Definition
Knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings.
Term
Industry
Definition
The production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery.
Term
Postindustrialism
Definition
The production of information using computer technology.
Term
High culture
Definition
Cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite.
Term
Popular culture
Definition
Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population.
Term
Subculture
Definition
Patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population.
Term
Multiculturalism
Definition
Perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S. and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions.
Term
Counterculture
Definition
Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society.
Term
Cultural lag
Definition
The fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system.
Term
Invention
Definition
The process of creating new cultural elements.
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture.
Term
Cultural relativism
Definition
The practice of judging a culture by it's own standards.
Term
Cultural universals
Definition
Traits that are part of every known culture.
Term
Sociobiology
Definition
A theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology addects how we create culture.
Term
Socialization
Definition
The lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture.
Term
Personality
Definition
A person's fairly consistent patterms of acting, thinking, and feeling.
Term
Freud's model of personality (three parts)
Definition
Id, Ego, Superego
Term
Id
Definition
The human's basic drives.
Term
Ego
Definition
A person's consious efforts to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives with the demands of society.
Term
Superego
Definition
The cultural values and norms internalized by an individual.
Term
Self
Definition
The part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self-image.
Term
Significant others
Definition
People, such as parents, who have special importance for socialization.
Term
Generalized other
Definition
Widespread cultural norms and values we use as a reference in evaluating ourselves.
Term
Cultural capital
Definition
Advances learning and creates a sense of confidence in children.
Term
Peer group
Definition
A socia group whose members have interests, social position, and age in common.
Term
Anticipatory socialization
Definition
Learning that helps a person achieve a desired position.
Term
Mass media
Definition
The means for delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience.
Term
Gerontology
Definition
The study of aging and the elderly.
Term
Ageism
Definition
Discrimination of age.
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