Term
| what is the leading cause of death in travelers? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the scientific name for bedbugs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what pathogen is responsible for most cases of traveler's diarrhea? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does ETEC cause diarrhea? |
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Definition
| through its heat stabile and heat labile toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| feces, fingers, flies, fomites and food |
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Term
| what is the best way to sterilize water? |
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Definition
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Term
| is ice in other countries possibly dangerous? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the BRAT diet for traveler's diarrhea? |
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Definition
| banana, rice, apple sauce, toast/tortilla |
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Term
| how do pts with hep A present? |
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Definition
| jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stool, nausea, malaise, fever, itchiness |
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Term
| what bodily substance has the highest level of hep A? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does hep E present like? |
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Definition
| hep A. hep E is often a dx of exclusion if hep A has been r/o |
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Term
| what animal is associated with hep E? |
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Definition
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Term
| who is a hep E prognosis particularly bad for? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is another name for typhoid fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does disease due to typhoid and malaria compare? |
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Definition
| malaria: sharp spikes in fever w/intermittent return to normal, typhoid: slow progression to fever |
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Term
| what did alex the great die of? |
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Definition
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Term
| **how can typhoid affect HR?** |
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Definition
| typhoid can produce relative bradycardia. usually if a pt has a fever, the heart rate increases proportionately (1 degree rise in body temperature then heart rate will rise 10 bpm) - but w/fever due to typhoid the HR does not increase proportionately |
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Term
| what does the name typhoid mean? |
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Definition
| "cloudy" - referring to the change in mental status |
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Term
| can typhoid cause GI ulcers? |
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Definition
| yes, in peyer's patches which can perforate and bleed = peritonitis |
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Term
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Definition
| blanching macular rashes associated with typhoid fever |
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Term
| what is the organism responsible for typhoid fever? where can it be found in the animal kingdom? |
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Definition
| salmonella typhi - found on reptiles+bats |
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Term
| what is the best way to test for salmonella typhi? |
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Definition
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Term
| other than rose spots and fever, how do typhoid fever pts often present? |
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Definition
| abdominal pain, coated tongue, altered bowel habits, hepatosplenomegaly, GI bleed, muttering delirium, and coma vigil |
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Term
| what drugs are used against salmonella typhi? |
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Definition
| cephalosporin, azithromycin, and quinolones |
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Term
| what were the 3 main diseases that classically needed to be reported to the WHO? |
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Definition
| cholera, plague, and yellow fever |
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Term
| how does vibrio cholera appear? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the cause of death in cholera? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most important tx for cholera pts? |
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Definition
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Term
| what characterizes the stools associated with cholera? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is one of the most important public heath interventions of the last century? |
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Definition
| ORT - oral rehydration therapy |
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Term
| what does vibrio vulnificus cause? what is it commonly due to? |
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Definition
| causes: necrotizing fascitis, sepsis. due to: contaminated seafood |
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Term
| are snake bites considered tropical disease now? |
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Definition
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Term
| how is malaria diagnosed? |
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Definition
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Term
| can malaria cause jaundice? |
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Definition
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Term
| if a person doesn't travel, but lives w/in 5 mi of an airport, can they still get malaria? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the lifecycle for plasmodium (malaria)? |
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Definition
| female anophele mosquito is inoculated, it injects them into a human host, the sporozoites go to the liver and infect RBCs. gametocytes exit the RBCs and are then picked up by another mosquito. reproduction is asexual in humans, sexual in mosquitoes. |
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Term
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Definition
| when plasmodium-infected RBCs are clumped together |
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Term
| what are some humoral complications of malaria? |
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Definition
| cerebral malaria, splenic infarction, or hematoma |
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Term
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Definition
| more than 5% RBCs infected |
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Term
| how can malaria present other than a fever? |
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Definition
| severe anemia and nephrotic syndrome. severe malaria: jaundice, pulmonary edema, gingival bleeding, DIC, ARDS, seizure, and hemorrhage |
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Term
| what drug is used for relapsing malaria (vivax/ovale)? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the the *classic presentation of dengue fever? |
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Definition
| bright red rash w/islands of white. thrombocytopenia, shock, retro-orbital pain, and depression |
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Term
| what is the vector for dengue fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| how is dengue tested for? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the halstead hypothesis? |
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Definition
| for dengue fever, there are 4 circulating types. a pregnant mother becomes infected, develops IgG, passes it on to her child, but then her child becomes infected by another type of dengue-causing pathogen |
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Term
| what is the most common viral infection in the world? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the morphology of the ebola virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| why does ebola not spread easily? |
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Definition
| it kills 90% of its hosts |
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Term
| what characterizes yellow fever? |
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Definition
| vaccine requirement if visiting countries in africa/s. america (endemic areas). the vaccine is good for 10 yrs. it is a mosquito borne infection. it is associated with coffee ground vomit and has the same vector as dengue fever *aedes aegypti. |
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Term
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Definition
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