Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41 yr old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal.

a) Only a trauma I center 

b) A level 1 or Level II Trauma Center 

c) A Level IV or Level III trauma center 

d) Any Designated trauma center is acceptable 

B.

A Level 1 or Level II Trauma Center 

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as :

a) The way in which traumatic injuries occur 

b) A predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries

c) your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries 

d) The detection of less obvious life-threatening   injuries 

Force acting over a distance is the definition of:

a) work

b) latent energy 

c)kinetic energy 

d)potential energy 

a)

Work 

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

a) high-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries 

b) the size of the bullet has the greates impact of the injury produced 

c)low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma 

d)the speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced 

d)

the speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced 

Which type of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

a) lateral and rollover

b)frontal and rotational 

c)rear-end and rotational

d)rotational and rollover 

d)

rotational and rollover 

Which of the following findings would be the LEAST suggestive of the presence of high energy trauma? 

a) dismounted seats

b) steering wheel deformity 

c) intrusion into the vehicle 

d) deployment of the air bag 

d)

deployment of the air bag

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6 yr old male was riding in the front seat is involved. he further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. on the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

a) open abdominal trauma 

b) neck and facial injuries 

c) blunt trauma to the head

d) lower extremity fractures 

b)

neck and facial injuries 

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

a) frontal collisions 

b) lateral collisions

c) rollover collisions

d) rear-end collisions 

b)

lateral collisions

A 15 year old female was stuck by a small car while riding her bicycle. she was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head . in addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is most important for you to: 

a) stabilize her entire spine

b) obtain baseline vital signs

c) inspect the helmet for cracks 

d) leave her bicycle helmet on. 

a)

stabilize her entire spine

A 12 year old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. he complains of pain to his lower back. what injury mechanism is most likely responsible for his back pain?

a) lateral impact to the spine 

b) energy transmission to the spine 

c) direct trauma to the spinal column 

d) secondary fall after the initial impact 

b)

energy transmission to the spine

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? 

a) left 

b) right

c) atria

d) ventricles 

b)

right

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues?

a) platelets

b) plasma

c) red blood cells

d) white blood cells 

c)

red blood cells

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed __

a) hemorrhage

b) hypo-perfusion 

c) perfusion

d) coagulation 

c)

perfusion

which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)?

a) gastrointestinal system 

b) brain

c) skeletal system 

d) kidney 

a)

gastrointestinal system 

hypovolemic shock occurs when:

a) the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced 

b) the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss 

c) the patients systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm hg 

d) at least 10% of the patients blood volume is lost 

b)

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss 

What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding?

a) clotting

b) coagulation 

c) vasoconstriction 

d) all of these answers are correct 

d)

all of these answers are correct 

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ____

a) apply direct pressure first 

b) use large or small gauze pads or dressing depending upon the size of the wound 

c) cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing 

d) all of these answers are correct 

d)

all of these answers are correct 

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than __ of his or her total blood volume 

a) 5%

b) 10%

c) 15%

d) 20%

d)

20%

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following finding, EXCEPT:

a) systolic blood pressure 

b) poor general appearance

c) the mechanism of injury 

d) clinical signs and symptoms 

a)

systolic blood pressure 

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

a) hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets 

b) patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously 

c) hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting 

d) approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia 

b)

patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously 

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

a) scalp 

b) back 

c) ears

d) soles of the feet 

c)

ears

The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that 

a) facilitates shedding of the epidermis 

b) pulls the hair erect when you are cold 

c) discharges sweat onto the skins surface 

d) waterproofs the skin and keeps in supple 

d)

waterproofs the skin and keeps in supple 

Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process?

a) the immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling. 

b) white blood cells are forced away from the injury sire, thus allowing an increase in the flow of red blood cells, resulting in increased blood flow 

c) the blood vessels in and around the injury site constrict, which forces bacteria and other microorganisms away, this preventing significant infection

d) the veins and arteries at the injury site constrict and platelets aggregate, which stops bleeding and cause a temporary increase in the size of the wound 

a)

the immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling. 

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n): 

a) abrasion 

b) contusion 

c) hematoma

d) crush injury 

b)

contusion 

Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct?

a) with crush syndrome, massive blood vessel damage occurs following severe soft-tissue injuries, such a amputation of an extremity 

b) compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours 

c) tissue damage that occurs in crush syndrome is severe but kidney injury is unlikely because toxins are quickly eliminated from the body  

d) provided that a patient with a crush injury is freed from entrapment within 6 hours, the amount of tissue damaged is generally minimal 

b)

compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours 

Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss? 

a) avulsion 

b) abrasion 

c) incision 

d) laceration 

b)

abrasion 

a 56- yr old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. after controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should 

a) carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial 

b) carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing 

c) replace the avulsed flap to it original position and cover it with a sterile dressing 

d) thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing 

c)

replace the avulsed flap to it original position and cover it with a sterile dressing 

During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. this wound pattern is MOST consistent with a : 

a) handgun 

b) shotgun 

c) .22 caliber pistol

d) .357 magnum 

A 39 yr old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. he is confused and has slurred speech. he has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. after manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:

a) perform a neurologic exam 

b) palpate his radial pulse 

c) administer high slow oxygen 

d) apply ice to the hematoma 

c)

administer high slow oxygen 

As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident you note that his Eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding and a close deformity to his right leg. You should:

a) Open his airway and assess his breathing status

b) Perform an immediate head to toe assessment

c) Assess his pulse for rate, regularity, and quality

d) Apply high flow oxygen and assess his injuries

a)

Open his airway and assess his breathing status

When performing a full body scan, you should assess for ____ 

a) DCAP - BTLS

b) AVPU

c) SAMPLE

D) OPQRST

a)

DCAP - BTLS

If your patient swallows blood following facial trauma, there is an increased risk of

a) Hypotension

b) Vomiting

c) G.I.trauma

d) altered LOC

b)

Vomiting

The upper jaw bones are called: 

A) Mandible

B) mastoid

C) zygoma

D) maxilla

D)

maxilla

The most significant complication associated with facial injuries is

a) Damage to the eyes

b) airway compromise

c) cervical spine injury

d) mandible Immobility

b)

airway compromise

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMTs immediate priority should be to:

a) Closely assess the patient's airway

b) the mechanism of injury

c) wear gloves and facial protection

d) manually stabilize the patient had

c)

wear gloves and facial protection

Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMTs index of suspicion for a(n)

a) Airway obstruction

b) displaced mandible

c) Basilar skull fracture

d) spinal column injury

d)

spinal column injury

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are an equal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is most pertinent to ask him if he:

a) Is allergic to any medication

b) has a history of ice surgeries

c) regularly sees a family physician

d) noticed the change during a meal

b)

has a history of ice surgeries

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is most important to be descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injury because: 

a) They must make arrangements for an ICU bed b) they may need to call a specialist to see the patient 

c) it saves times on repeat assessment at the hospital

d) most patients with facial trauma will need surgery

b)

they may need to call a specialist to see the patient

Bleeding from soft tissue injuries to the face is most effectively controlled with: 

a) Pressure dressings and chemical ice packs

b) digital pressure to an adjacent pulse point

c) direct pressure using dry sterile dressings

d) ice pack and elevation of the patient's head

c)

direct pressure using dry sterile dressings

A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and Pain to her left eye. During your assessment you know that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open you should suspect that she is experiencing: 

a) Acute retinitis

b) conjunctivitis

c) a detached retinadg

d) a corneal abrasion

b)

conjunctivitis

The central nervous system is composed of the: 

a) Cerebellum and brain

b) brain and spinal cord

c) cerebrum and meninges

d) meninges and spinal cord

b)

brain and spinal cord

What part of the nervous system controls the body is voluntary activities? 

a) Central

b) Sensory

c) somatic

d) autonomic 

c)

somatic

When activated the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects except,: 

a) Pupillary constriction

b) increase in heart rate

c) shunting of blood to vital organs

d) dilation of the bronchial smooth muscles

a)

Pupillary constriction

The five sections of the spinal cord column in descending order are

a) Thoracic, and cervical, lumbar, coccygeal, sacral,

b) Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

c) coccygeal, Sacral, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical

d) Cervical, coccygeal thoracic, sacral, and lumbar

b)

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following except: 

A) A rapid thready pulse

B) widening pulse Pressure

C) CSF leakage from the ears 

D) decerebrate posturing 

A)

A rapid thready pulse

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you know the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates: 

A) Fractures to the internal structures of the ears following direct trauma

b) A linear skull fracture and a significant increase in intracranial pressure

c) Significant pressure and bleeding in between the school and Dura matter

d) Rupture of the Tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head

d)

Rupture of the Tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?

a) It results from direct brain trauma following an impact to the head

b) Because cerebral edema develops quickly, it is considered to be a primary brain injury

c) Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes a secondary brain injury

d) Signs are often present immediately after impact to the head

c)

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes a secondary brain injury

Which of the following breathing patterns is most indicative of increased inter-cranial pressure?

a) Increased rate with a normal Inspiratory time in a prolonged expiratory time

b) Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent  periods of apnea

c) Increased rate and depth with the distinct odor of acetone on the patient's breath

d) Slow, shallow, occasional gasps that progress to prolonged periods of apnea 

b)

Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent  periods of apnea

In contrast to a cerebral concussion cerebral contusion: 

a) Does not cost pressure within the skull

b) Results from a laceration to the brain tissue

c) Involves physical injury to the brain tissue

d) Usually does not cause a loss of consciousness

c)

Involves physical injury to the brain tissue

Hyperextension injury of the spine are most commonly the result of: 

a) falls

b) divings 

c) hangings 

d) compression 

c)

hangings 

Children are often "belly breathers" because __: 

a) Their diaphragm is not functional

b) They are routinely hypoxic

c) They are consciously controlling ventilation

d) Their intercostal muscles are not developed 

d)

Their intercostal muscles are not developed 

Close chest injuries are typically caused by ____

a) Penetrating trauma

b) high velocity weapons

c) blunt trauma

d) flying debris

c)

blunt trauma

Patients with chest injuries were often present with ___

a) Agonal respirations

b) tachypnea

c) kussmaul respirations

d) Cheyenne respirations  respirations 

b)

tachypnea

Which of the following is most likely to cause immediate death?

a) Myocardial contusion  

b) pulmonary contusion

c) aortic dissection

d) aortic rupture

d)

aortic rupture

Immediate life-threatening chest injuries must be found and manage during the ____

a) Scene size up

b) patient history

c) secondary assessment

d) primary assessment

d)

primary assessment

Spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would most likely result in: 

a) Immediate cardiac arrest

b) paralysis of the diaphragm

c) paralysis of the intercostal muscles

d) paralysis of all the respiratory muscles

c)

paralysis of the intercostal muscles

If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amount of air per breath, he or she: 

a) Often breeze at a slower rate because of lung damage caused by the injury

b) Will eliminate more carbon dioxide than if he or she will or breathing deeply

c) Must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume

d) Will maintain adequate minute volume if his or her respiratory rate stays the same

c)

Must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume

In order to avoid exacerbating a patient injury it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive pressure ventilation to patient with a: 

a) Flail chest

b) pneumothorax

c) cardiac tamponade

d) myocardial contusion

b)

pneumothorax

And open pneumothorax occurs when: 

a) A fractured rib perforates the tissue of the lung

b) Air enters the pleural space from outside the body

c) Extreme plural pressure causes the lung to rupture

d) Air enters the plural space from a perforated lung

b)

Air enters the pleural space from outside the body

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia and is developing cyanosis you should: 

a) Begin ventilatory assistance

b) Partially removed the dressing

c) Begin rapid transport at once

d) Call for paramedic ambulance 

b)

Partially removed the dressing