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Translational Motion
flashcards for Examcracker's MCAT physics
19
Physics
Undergraduate 3
12/24/2014

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Term
Scalar
Definition
Physical quantity that has magnitude but no direction
Term
Vector
Definition
Physical quantity with both magnitude and direction; can be represented by an arrow
Term

How do you add vectors? Subtract?

What about scalars with vectors?

Definition

-Place head of first to the tail of the second, then draw an arrow head to tail (resulting vector); magnitude of 2 vectors must be smaller than or equal to sum of result

-for subtract, flip one of the vectors (make it go in the negative direction) and do the same thing; must be greater than or equal to resulting difference vector

-Cannot add or subtract; but can multiply or divide by scalrs

Term
How to multiply vector? Vector x scalar?
Definition

Vector x vector: result= perpendicular to both tails together; V1V2sintheta

Vector x scalar: V1V2costheta

Term

What are component vectors?

 

Easier way than SOHCAHTOA to find all magnitudes + angles?

Definition

Each vector can be a "hypotenuse" and have 2 perpendicular "x and y" components equal to it addition wise

 

O= Hsintheta

A=Hcostheta

Remember, theta is always between A and H

Term

Displacement vs distance

 

Definition

displacement= distance with added dimension of direction; it's a vector

basically the shortest "distance" from point A to Point B; distance= actual pathway

Term

Average Velocity

Instantaneous Velocity

Velocity can be either...

 

Definition

Average velocity= displacement/time

Instantaneous velocity= velocity at any moment during the trip at a specific time

Can be either all verticle or all horizontal

Term

Acceleration

Are velocity and acceleration always in the same direction?

Definition

any change in velocity, in EITHER magnitude or direction

velocity and acceleration do not have to be in the same direction; e.g. ball thrown up-> peak, velocity= 0, but acc is still there

Term
uniformly accelerated motion
Definition
constant acceleration in terms of magnitude and direction (velocity changes at a constant rate)
Term
displacement vs time graph (slope, line, area under the curve)
Definition

slope: instantaneous velocity  at that time range

upward slope= positive velocity, downward= negative

under 0 line: velocity is going in the *negative direction*

Horizontal line= not moving (0 velocity)

curved line= changing velocity, thus acceleration

area beneath= no meaning

 

Term
velocity vs time (slope, line, area under the curve)
Definition

slope: instaneous acceleration at that specific time range

upward= positive acc; downward= negative acc (acceleration in the negative direction)

straight line= constant acc; curved= changing acc; flat line= no change in acc, constant velocity

 

area under: displacement

Term
How to solve linear motion problems
Definition

-Draw line with initial and final velocity; center= average velocity **acc is constant

D= average vel * time

acc= time * (difference between the two velocities)

Term
How to look at projectile motion problems
Definition
Horizontal component seperate from verticle (both linear motion problems
Term
Projectile motions: describe velocity in the beginning
Definition
Angle "theta", initial velocity = vsintheta, horizontal velocity= vcostheta always
Term

Projectile motions: what happens at the peak? equation for peak height?

 

Definition

height "h"= heighest since it's the peak; g= +10 m/s^2 (since there's now downward acceleration)

always; no verticle velocity

equation: vsintheta = sqroot(2gh)

Term
In projectile motion: what determines time of flight?
Definition
initial velocity
Term
What is drag
Definition
this occurs when an object moves past a nonideal gas or liquid...fluid molecules drag past this object and act to impede the object's motions
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