Term
| when we say the genetic code is Degenerate what does that mean? |
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Definition
| that multiple codons code for the same amino acid |
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Term
| is the genetic code ambiguous? |
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Definition
| no, codons code for only ONE amino Acid |
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Term
| why is the genetic code NEARLY universal? |
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Definition
| because the mitochondrial DNA codons code differently(stop codon in regular-trp in the mitochondria |
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Term
| IF you have a gene sequence, you can do what? |
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Definition
| allow you to predict the protein sequence somewhat accuarately |
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Term
| What part of the tRNA complimentary Base Pairs with the mRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases |
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Definition
| enzymes that are responsible for binding an amino acid to an adenylate group and ultimately the 3' end of tRNA |
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Term
| what is an activated amino acid? |
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Definition
| a charged amino acid that is bound to a tRNA |
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Term
| The amino acid is specific to a tRNA that has a certain anticodon (T or F) |
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Definition
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Term
| Amino acid activation reaction |
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Definition
| Amino acid+ATP-> amino acyl-AMP-->+tRNA-->AMP+aminoacyl tRNA |
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Term
| Besides coupling an amino acid to tRNA what can the amino-acyl tRNA synthetase do? |
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Definition
| proofread the tRNA sequence to make sure the appropriate amino acid is coupled to the tRNA |
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Term
| Prokaryotic Ribosomes for translation are? |
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Definition
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Term
| Eukaryotic Ribosomes involved in translation are? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Start site codon that the Ribosome begins translation on? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 10 nucleotide sequence that is complementary the 16S rRNA that is part of the 30S subunit for prokaryotes |
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Term
| what does the shine-delgarno sequence do? |
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Definition
| signals for where the ribosome should bind to start translation |
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Term
| What step in translation is the rate limiting step? |
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Definition
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Term
| peptides are always synthesize from what direction |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three sites on the 70S ribosome where tRNA may be bound? |
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Definition
A-site(acceptor)
P-site(peptidyl)
E-site(exit/ejection) |
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Term
| What direction is the ribosome readingn the mRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| binds to ribosome at A site when the ribosome reaches a termination signal causing hydrolysis of GTP releasing the growing peptide chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple ribosomes on prokaryotic DNA translating the same transcript at the same time. operating independently of eachother |
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Term
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Definition
| one transcript may contain the message for one or more proteins in prokaryotes. not true for eukaryotes |
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Term
| Prokaryotic translation initiation mechanism |
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Definition
1.Formation of 30S initiator complex(IF1-IF2+GTP+fMet-IF3, recognizes shine-delgarno and binds to mRNA@AUG start codon
2. binding to AUG causes IF1+IF3 to come off and 50S+H20 comes in releasing IF2+GDP+Pi forming the 70S complex. |
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Term
| Eukaryotic initiation mechanism |
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Definition
1.assembly of Initiation factors+40S ribosome+Met-tRNA. on 5'cap
2.ATP drives scanning from 5'cap to start codon
3.AUG binding to Met-tRNA brings 60S unit on complex and releases initiation factors forming 80S ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
1.F-met is in P-site and an Aminoacyl-tRNA comes into A-site
2.next peptide bond formed by peptidyl transferase between 2 amino acids on t-RNAs concerted with ratcheting forward of large Subunit Driven by EF-G and GTP
3.translocation of tRNA in P site to E site and A site to P site
4.tRNA in E site dissociates from complex |
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Term
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Definition
| RF1-recognizes UAA causing translation to stop and peptide to be cleaved from tRNA in p-site. |
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Term
| Termination in Eukaryotes |
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Definition
| RF1 recognizes UAG and UAA, while RF2 recognizes UAA and UGA. RF3 stimulates activity of RF1 or RF2 by binding GTP causing peptide to be cleaved and complex to dissociate from mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks PROKARYOTIC INTIATION AND ELONGATION by binding 30S subunit and blocking 50S attachment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks prokaryotic and Eukaryotic initation. binds to 30S or 40S distorting it which doesn't allow tRNAs to bind properly |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks prokaryotic elongation.blocks peptidyl transferase activity in 50S subunit |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks eukaryotic elongation.blocks the peptidyl transferase activity of 60S subunit |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks prokaryotic translocation on 50S subunit by blocking translocation to the next codon |
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Term
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Definition
| interupts Pro&eukaryotic elongation by entering A-site and transfers to polypeptide chain causing premature release |
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Term
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Definition
| (eukaryotic) Enzyme that catalyzes ADP-ribosylation and inactivation of eEF-2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks Eukaryotic Translation by removing specific adenine from 28S rRNA preventing binding of EF, blocking translation |
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Term
| Translation and Transcription is coupled in what type of cell |
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Definition
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Term
| transcription and translation are UNCOUPLED in what type of cell? |
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Definition
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