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Transcription - RNA synthesis
Biochem Lect. 3
49
Biochemistry
Graduate
10/28/2011

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Term
Transcription is catalyzed by?
Definition
RNA Polymerase
Term
rRNA is produced by _ as a _ precursor that is methylated and cleaved to form _ of rRNA's.
Definition
RNA pol 1, 45s, 3
Term
mRNA is produced by _ and is capped at the _ end and has a poly A tail at the _ end.
Definition
RNA pol 2, 5' and 3'
Term
tRNA is produced by _ and is trimmed at the _ and _ ends.
Definition
RNA Pol 3, 5' and 3'
Term
The DNA template is copied _ to _. The RNA chain grows _ to _.
Definition
3' to 5'. 5' to 3'
Term
Cis- acting elements or mutations occur where>
Definition
Only on the molecule containing them.
Term
Trans - acting factors/proteins or mutations occur where?
Definition
On molecules other that then ones which the are covalently bound. (they are diffusible)
Term
Pribnow box is _ acting?
Definition
Cis
Term
Activators and Repressors that bind and stimulate/inhibit transcription are _ binding?
Definition
Trans binding
Term
When RNA polymerase binds to the promoter what occurs?
Definition
The DNA unwinds and is partially separated and polymerase starts to transcribe the template strand.
Term
Termination occurs when what forms? This assisted by what factor?
Definition
The transcript forms a Hair pin loop (proceeded by 4 U residues). The rho factor.
Term
mRNA in prok. is produced by?
Definition
Polycistronic transcript that is translated as it is transcribed.
Term
rRNA in prok. is produced by _ and produces _ and _.
Definition
large transcript and 16s rRNA in the 30s subunit and the 23s and 5s in the 50s subunit.
Term
tRNA in prok. is produced by _ and cleaved by _.
Definition
Large transcript and RNase P which contains essential RNA catalyst molecules.
Term
RNA polymerase inhibitors like Rifampin do what?
Definition
Bind to RNA polymerase and inhibit activity. Rifampin is an antibiotic that treats Tuberculosis.
Term
Prokayotic genes and mRNA's are?
Definition
polycistronic.
Term
The Shine Dalgarno sequence does what?
Definition
Start site for transcription in Prok.
Term
Ribozyme is?
Definition
An RNA catalyst.
Term
RNA pol 1
RNA pol 2
RNA pol 3
Definition
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA and other small RNAs
Term
What is in the promoter region in Euk?
Definition
TATA box (-25 bp), CAAT box (-70 bp) and GC rich regions (-40 to -110).
Term
Enhancers are?
Definition
DNA sequences the modulate the transcription rate.
Term
Actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin do what?
Definition
RNA polymerase inhibitors, ACT D - turns off RNA synthesis and binds to DNA. Alpha aman binds euk. RNA pol 2
Term
Processing the hnRNA creates?
Definition
Functional mRNA
Term
mRNA is capped at the _ end while transcribing and is _ and the 3' end.
Definition
5' and a poly A tail is added.
Term
snRNP complexed with proteins are involved in?
Definition
Cleavage and splicing of introns and exons.
Term
S- adenosylmethionine is the universal _ donor?
Definition
Methyl group
Term
Capping prevents what?
Definition
5' exonuclease cleavage
Term
The first AUG after the cap starts what?
Definition
Translation
Term
Alternative splicing
Definition
Depending on how the introns are removed different proteins will be produced.
Term
The splice point at the left _ and at the right _ sequences.
Definition
AGGU and invariant AG followed by GU
Term
The Lariat is formed by ?
Definition
snRNPs
Term
hnRNAs have no introns T/F
Definition
False! Some can have up to 50 that must be spliced correctly to form mRNA, others have no introns.
Term
Exon Shuffling accounts for what?
Definition
The evolution of more complex proteins.
Term
In what kind of patient where snRNPs discovered?
Definition
Lupus patients with systematic lupus erythematosus. They have circulating autoantibodies against chromatin, ribonucleoproteins and cell membrane phospholipids.
Term
How do molecules move in and out of the Nuclear Pore?
Definition
The nucleus binds to the docking protein and then to the nuclear pore proteins and then transport cargo in or out.
Term
Where does rRNA gene organization occur?
Definition
The nucleolus
Term
What produces the 45s subunit and where does it come from?
Definition
RNA pol 2 and the fibrous unit of the nucleolus.
Term
The 45s precursor is cleaved to form what 2 subunits?
Definition
18s and 28s
Term
The 18s rRNA complexs with proteins and forms what?
Definition
The 40s ribosomal subunit
Term
The 28s, 5.8s and 5s rRNAs complex with proteins and for what?
Definition
The 60s subunit.
Term
The 5s rRNA is produced by _ outside of the nucleolus?
Definition
RNA pol 3
Term
After the subunits migrate in to the cytoplasm what do they complex with ? to form ?
Definition
mRNA to form 80s ribosome.
Term
In tRNA what are the loops named for?
Definition
What they contain (TC loop, D loop, Variable loop, anticodon loop)
Term
3'CCA is the _ attachement site on tRNA
Definition
amino acid (not added when encoded)
Term
Uridine is posttranscitionally modified to?
Definition
pseudouridine, ribothymidine, dihydrouridine
Term
Nucleotidyl transferase catalyzes?
Definition
The addition of CCA to the 3' end of tRNA
Term
Moderately repetitive sequences (100 -1000 copies) are?
Definition
rRNA, tRNA, histone, Alu sequence
Term
Highly repetitive sequences (6-100 bp) are?
Definition
Near centrosomes and telmoeres
Term
What in an Alu sequence?
Definition
~300 bp DNA fragments derived by cutting DNA with Alu enzyme. Recombination of a sequence results in a deletion resulting in the loss of a familial LDL receptor gene
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