Term
| Transcription is catalyzed by? |
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Definition
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Term
| rRNA is produced by _ as a _ precursor that is methylated and cleaved to form _ of rRNA's. |
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Definition
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Term
| mRNA is produced by _ and is capped at the _ end and has a poly A tail at the _ end. |
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Definition
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Term
| tRNA is produced by _ and is trimmed at the _ and _ ends. |
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Definition
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Term
| The DNA template is copied _ to _. The RNA chain grows _ to _. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cis- acting elements or mutations occur where> |
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Definition
| Only on the molecule containing them. |
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Term
| Trans - acting factors/proteins or mutations occur where? |
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Definition
| On molecules other that then ones which the are covalently bound. (they are diffusible) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Activators and Repressors that bind and stimulate/inhibit transcription are _ binding? |
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Definition
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Term
| When RNA polymerase binds to the promoter what occurs? |
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Definition
| The DNA unwinds and is partially separated and polymerase starts to transcribe the template strand. |
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Term
| Termination occurs when what forms? This assisted by what factor? |
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Definition
| The transcript forms a Hair pin loop (proceeded by 4 U residues). The rho factor. |
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Term
| mRNA in prok. is produced by? |
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Definition
| Polycistronic transcript that is translated as it is transcribed. |
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Term
| rRNA in prok. is produced by _ and produces _ and _. |
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Definition
| large transcript and 16s rRNA in the 30s subunit and the 23s and 5s in the 50s subunit. |
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Term
| tRNA in prok. is produced by _ and cleaved by _. |
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Definition
| Large transcript and RNase P which contains essential RNA catalyst molecules. |
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Term
| RNA polymerase inhibitors like Rifampin do what? |
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Definition
| Bind to RNA polymerase and inhibit activity. Rifampin is an antibiotic that treats Tuberculosis. |
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Term
| Prokayotic genes and mRNA's are? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Shine Dalgarno sequence does what? |
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Definition
| Start site for transcription in Prok. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
RNA pol 1
RNA pol 2
RNA pol 3 |
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Definition
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA and other small RNAs |
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Term
| What is in the promoter region in Euk? |
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Definition
| TATA box (-25 bp), CAAT box (-70 bp) and GC rich regions (-40 to -110). |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA sequences the modulate the transcription rate. |
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Term
| Actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin do what? |
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Definition
| RNA polymerase inhibitors, ACT D - turns off RNA synthesis and binds to DNA. Alpha aman binds euk. RNA pol 2 |
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Term
| Processing the hnRNA creates? |
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Definition
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Term
| mRNA is capped at the _ end while transcribing and is _ and the 3' end. |
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Definition
| 5' and a poly A tail is added. |
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Term
| snRNP complexed with proteins are involved in? |
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Definition
| Cleavage and splicing of introns and exons. |
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Term
| S- adenosylmethionine is the universal _ donor? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The first AUG after the cap starts what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Depending on how the introns are removed different proteins will be produced. |
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Term
| The splice point at the left _ and at the right _ sequences. |
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Definition
| AGGU and invariant AG followed by GU |
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Term
| The Lariat is formed by ? |
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Definition
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Term
| hnRNAs have no introns T/F |
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Definition
| False! Some can have up to 50 that must be spliced correctly to form mRNA, others have no introns. |
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Term
| Exon Shuffling accounts for what? |
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Definition
| The evolution of more complex proteins. |
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Term
| In what kind of patient where snRNPs discovered? |
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Definition
| Lupus patients with systematic lupus erythematosus. They have circulating autoantibodies against chromatin, ribonucleoproteins and cell membrane phospholipids. |
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Term
| How do molecules move in and out of the Nuclear Pore? |
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Definition
| The nucleus binds to the docking protein and then to the nuclear pore proteins and then transport cargo in or out. |
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Term
| Where does rRNA gene organization occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What produces the 45s subunit and where does it come from? |
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Definition
| RNA pol 2 and the fibrous unit of the nucleolus. |
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Term
| The 45s precursor is cleaved to form what 2 subunits? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 18s rRNA complexs with proteins and forms what? |
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Definition
| The 40s ribosomal subunit |
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Term
| The 28s, 5.8s and 5s rRNAs complex with proteins and for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 5s rRNA is produced by _ outside of the nucleolus? |
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Definition
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Term
| After the subunits migrate in to the cytoplasm what do they complex with ? to form ? |
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Definition
| mRNA to form 80s ribosome. |
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Term
| In tRNA what are the loops named for? |
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Definition
| What they contain (TC loop, D loop, Variable loop, anticodon loop) |
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Term
| 3'CCA is the _ attachement site on tRNA |
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Definition
| amino acid (not added when encoded) |
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Term
| Uridine is posttranscitionally modified to? |
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Definition
| pseudouridine, ribothymidine, dihydrouridine |
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Term
| Nucleotidyl transferase catalyzes? |
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Definition
| The addition of CCA to the 3' end of tRNA |
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Term
| Moderately repetitive sequences (100 -1000 copies) are? |
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Definition
| rRNA, tRNA, histone, Alu sequence |
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Term
| Highly repetitive sequences (6-100 bp) are? |
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Definition
| Near centrosomes and telmoeres |
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Term
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Definition
| ~300 bp DNA fragments derived by cutting DNA with Alu enzyme. Recombination of a sequence results in a deletion resulting in the loss of a familial LDL receptor gene |
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