Term
| What does a successful hearing conservation program depend on? |
|
Definition
| Comfortable and effective HPDs, education and motivation, management's support, and enforcement |
|
|
Term
Motivation Depends On:
-___ about HPD benefits
-views about amount of ___ over own health
-beliefs about ___ to protecting themselves |
|
Definition
| beliefs; control; barriers |
|
|
Term
| Educate & motivate to ___ workers’ behaviors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 different warnings/actions to workers not wearing HPDs? |
|
Definition
1. Verbal warning
2. Written warning
3. Brief suspension without pay
4. Termination |
|
|
Term
| What are some possible motivators to protect hearing? |
|
Definition
-to enjoy music
-to hear & communication with family & friends
-to enjoy sounds in nature
-to keep skills necessary to complete job
responsibilities |
|
|
Term
A possible barrier is the belief that...
-“Levels are ___________________”
-Noise exposure will “___” ears
-“Effective ___ ___ are in place”
-Some know percentage likely to experience NIHL & think it will _______; 29% with TWA of 90 dBA |
|
Definition
| not high enough to damage hearing; toughen; noise controls; NOT be them |
|
|
Term
| What are some internal factors that triggers people to take preventive action? |
|
Definition
| HL, tinnitus, and difficulty understanding speech |
|
|
Term
| What are some external factors that triggers people to take preventive action? |
|
Definition
| More vigilance regarding HPDs if there is a HCP and marketing/campaigning |
|
|
Term
| What are some motivations for adults? |
|
Definition
-Improve communication
-Job advancement or requirement
-Make friends & meet others
-Educational preparation
-Family cohesiveness
-Social stimulation, escape boredom
-Interesting; learning for the sake of learning |
|
|
Term
| What motivates employees? |
|
Definition
| Rewards (praise, cash, dep. awards) |
|
|
Term
| What employees need training? |
|
Definition
-All workers whose TWAs exceed 85 dBA need
to be trained at least once a year (OSHA). Also good to train supervisors and managers |
|
|
Term
Training Goals:
-Review effects of ___ noise
-Review effects of ______ noise
-Discuss the effects of ___
-Recognize hazardous ___ ___ & ___; and report it
-Participate in noise ___
-Help develop a plan to ___ noise & use noise ___
methods
-Have ___ audiometric monitoring & ___ results
-Use & ___ HPDs
-Participate in assessing the ___ of the HCP |
|
Definition
| occupational; non-occupational; ototoxins; noise exposure; ototoxins; measures; control; control; annual; understand; maintain; effectiveness |
|
|
Term
-Include ___ in HCP (annual audios & HPDs)
-Effective HCP will ___ potential compensation costs
-Compensation claims in the 80s made up < __% of claims in industry (Berger, 1985); likely ___ now
-HCP may increase ___ awareness & job ___ |
|
Definition
| management; reduce; 1; higher; safety; satisfaction |
|
|
Term
| What is the most effective training format to change attitudes and behaviors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1-to-1 Training Format:
-with annual ___ ___ or when re-fitting with ___
-___ those who wear HPDs; ___ reinforce desired
behavior
-Show ___; warn about any ___ in hearing
-Discuss ___ of hearing tests; it lends credibility to the HCP |
|
Definition
| hearing test; HPDs; Praise; positively; concern; changes; importance |
|
|
Term
| What is the second most effective training format? |
|
Definition
| small groups (10 or less workers) |
|
|
Term
Regularly-scheduled safety meetings:
– Ideal group size is < __
– Structure as ___ instead of ___
– Give new ___, discuss their performance next safety meeting |
|
Definition
| 30; discussion; lecture; HPDs |
|
|
Term
| What are some types of educational methods for a hearing conservation program? |
|
Definition
| Handouts, self-education (on a computer), and company publications and bulletin boards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Content-Initial Training:
-Effects of noise & hearing loss: ___, simulations, ___ ___ ___ examples and discuss ___ ___ technology & realistic ___
-Recognize posted & un-posted ___ and ___ where hazardous noise is possible
-___ testing & its purpose
-Selection, fitting, use, & care of ____
-Responsibilities of ____ & workers in preventing NIHL. What needs to be done & by whom to comply with appropriate ____(s)
-Hazards of noise exposure during ___
-Potential impact of hearing loss on ___ ___
-Expected & achieved ___ of a conservation program |
|
Definition
| Testimonials; TTS; HA; expectations; space; equipment; Audiometric; HPDs; supervisors; regulation; recreation; job performance; benefits |
|
|
Term
| ___ ___ must be made available to workers & OSHA inspectors on request |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Considerations for Educating Workers:
-Some workers think hearing ___ prevent NIHL
-____ training is MAJOR part of education
-demonstrate “___-___” HPD fitting
-show examples of ___ ___ HPDs & discuss signs of HPD ___/___
-when workers help ___ their HPDs, they are more willing to wear them
-promote ___ formally (& perhaps informally) |
|
Definition
| tests; HPD; hands-on; worn out; age/wear; choose; choices |
|
|
Term
OSHA Regulation & HPDs:
-workers select from a ___ of HPDs
-workers are trained in the ___ and ___ of HPDs
-employer ensures ___ initial fitting & supervises ___ use |
|
Definition
| variety; care & use; proper; correct |
|
|
Term
| ___ noise regulation must be posted in the work place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Principles of Effective Adult Learning:
-___ sequence & content
-___ learners
-Provide ___ environment
-___ with audience
-Include action with ___
-___ participants
-Provide an everyday ___
-Involve ___, affective, and ___ functions (tactile)
-Work with a ___
-Clarify ___
-____: Did learners learn what they need to know |
|
Definition
| Organize; Engage; safe; Connect; reflection; Involve; application; cognitive; psychomotor; team; roles; Accountability |
|
|
Term
Can I hurt my eardrum if I put earplugs in too far?
-Most ____ long enough to touch eardrum. Would have to be inserted about ___ mm to touch the TM
-Ear canal becomes ___ sensitive as you get closer to the
eardrum; this will ___ you to stop pushing on the plug
-You are more likely to have a problem with ___; may need to use ___ instead of earplugs
-Remove sealed plugs (i.e. premolded inserts) with slow ___ motion; quick removal can be ___ |
|
Definition
| are not; 22; more; alert; wax; earmuffs; twisting; painful |
|
|
Term
“My hearing protectors are uncomfortable”:
-They often are ___ ___, but noise-induced hearing loss is uncomfortable ___
-It takes ___ to get used to HPDs, but if still uncomfortable after a ___ weeks, we can change the style if you would like
to see if another type is more comfortable |
|
Definition
| at first; forever; time; few |
|
|
Term
How Can I Tell if Noise is Too Loud?
-If you need to shout from ___ feet away to talk with a normal-hearing person, the noise level is likely about 85 dBA or more
-If you notice ___ or hearing seems ___ after noise exposure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do earmuffs block out noise better than ear plugs? |
|
Definition
| Not usually but its the fit and comfort that matters |
|
|
Term
“My machine sounds different when I wear hearing protectors”:
-True, but most ___ still be able to monitor equipment effectively
-Will also hear as well at end of work day if use of HPDs decreases ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“My ears are used to the noise”:
-Ears do not get ___ to noise, they become ___
-Repeated noise exposure _______ toughen ears
-Having NIHL already does not ___ ears from further damage
-There is no test to predict who is more ___ to damage from noise; treat all as if ___ susceptible. It is better to over protect than under protect. |
|
Definition
| used; impaired; does not; protect; susceptible; equally |
|
|
Term
| Are these hearing protectors OSHA approved? ANSI approved? |
|
Definition
-ANSI does not approve hearing protectors
-ANSI S3.19-1974 describes how to measure HPD attenuation
-No federal or state agencies approve or disapprove of specific HPDs; the EPA requires NRR on HPD packaging |
|
|
Term
Are all foam earplugs the same?:
-No, some are made from ____ or ___
-___ is preferred; it’s more stable
-Polyurethane plugs tend to ___ moisture which makes them expand quickly, which may make them more difficult to insert |
|
Definition
| polyvinylchloride (PVC); polyurethane; PVC; absorb |
|
|
Term
“HPDs make my voice sound weird” & “I can’t judge the level of my voice”:
-True , due to the ___ ___ (if HPDs are fitting correctly)
-OE is higher for HPDS that ___ canal entrance (Ex: ____)
-Most talk more ___ when wearing HPDs. Why? HPD reduces perceived noise level while own voice seems ___ due to the occlusion effect
-Remind co-workers to speak ___ |
|
Definition
| occlusion effect; cap; semi-inserts; softly; louder; up |
|
|
Term
Do earplugs cause ear infections?:
-Important to use ___ earplugs; insert them when hands are ___; may need to use several pairs daily
-___ likelihood that plugs would cause an infection
-Some individuals are more ___ to infection
-Other causes of infection include.... |
|
Definition
| clean; clean; Minimal; prone; water sports, scratching, dermatitis, cleaning ears excessively |
|
|
