Term
|
Definition
| Excavation within the construction batter limits shown on the drawings and above the final subgrade surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excavation from outside the construction batter limits shown on the drawings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excavation from just below the subgrade level. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any material not otherwise classified as W,U,R1 or R2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| material classified as too wet to use at present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| material classified as unsuitable for use due to its inherent properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
material classified as rock that can not be productively ripped by machines less than 100 – 115 kW |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| material classified as rock that can not be productively ripped by machines less than 270 – 315 kW |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the permanent reduction in the viscosity of a cut back bitumen, normally using AGO |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the temporary reduction in the viscosity of a cut back bitumen, normally using kerosene |
|
|
Term
| four ways that performance of the road user can be improved |
|
Definition
-providing trend information
-avoid sudden imposition of demand
-limit the amount of information
-require a series of simple decisions rather than a complex one
-control the rate at which drivers are required to make decisions |
|
|
Term
define level of service for a roadway
|
|
Definition
| qualitative measure describing operational conditions within a traffic stream, and their perception by motorists and or passengers |
|
|
Term
| how many levels of service are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what level of service designates the capacity of the road? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some factors that affect level of service |
|
Definition
-roadway conditions
-terrain conditions
-traffic conditions
-control conditions |
|
|
Term
| describe roadway conditions that affect level of service |
|
Definition
-type of facility
-traffic lane widths
-lateral side clearances
-design speed
-horizontal and vertical allignment |
|
|
Term
describe terrain conditions that affect level of service
|
|
Definition
-level
-rolling
-mountainous |
|
|
Term
describe traffic conditions that affect level of service
|
|
Definition
-passenger cars
-trucks
-buses |
|
|
Term
describe control conditions that affect level of service
|
|
Definition
-traffic signals
-STOP
-GIVEWAY
-parking restricions
-turning restrictions
-lane use control |
|
|
Term
| how would you carry out a traffic volume survey |
|
Definition
| collect manually or with automatic counters. counts volume of traffic and type of car |
|
|
Term
| what are traffic volume surveys used for? |
|
Definition
-facility planning and design
-monitor trends
-assist with highway classification
-validate predictions
-design traffic for road improvements |
|
|
Term
| typical depth of an edge drain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the requirements for site clearing as per tnz F1 |
|
Definition
-all vegetation shall be cleared
-all vegetation that is to remain is to be looked after |
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the surfacing layer i a road |
|
Definition
-protecting the base course as a wearing course
-for skid resistance
-for waterproofness
-improve ride quality |
|
|
Term
| describe how to carry out a sand circle test and what is it used for |
|
Definition
-place specified amount of correctly graded sand on the road
-spread out in a circle so that is flush with the top of the chips
-measure two diameters at right angles and average
-it is used for determining the texture of a pavement and hence calculating the reseal application rate |
|
|
Term
| what is binder spray rate |
|
Definition
| it is the rate sprayed from the tanker and is higher than te application rate because it includes the dilutents and allows for the increase in volume due to spraying temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is the calculated residual binder requirement to fill the voids between the chips to a depth of 70%. it is affected by the chip size |
|
|
Term
| explain minor road maintenance |
|
Definition
| it is the repair of minor defects such as potholes and edge break |
|
|
Term
| explain major road maintenance |
|
Definition
| the rehabilitation of the surfacing ( resealing, emulsion mix overlay) and or the pavement (shape correction) |
|
|
Term
| what is edge break and what causes it |
|
Definition
| where the surfacing has broken away on the edge of the seal normally on the inside of a curve. caused by large trucks cutting the corner and running over the edge of the seal. |
|
|
Term
| what is shoving and what causes it |
|
Definition
| where loose material normally under the edge of the seal has been pushed out by a vehicle normally turning that results in a ridge on the side of the pavement |
|
|
Term
| what is aligator cracking and what causes it |
|
Definition
| these are surfacing cracks due to being flexed beyond its elastic ability. these cracks form a pattern like alligator skin. caused by either too heavy a load, brittle surfacing or segregation of the pavement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is an inspection of the roading asset for condition and defects |
|
|
Term
| how is a RAMM survey carried out |
|
Definition
| it is carried out by driving the road and inspecting (normally on foot) a representative section of each kilometer by measuring the areas of a range of defects |
|
|
Term
| in what 8 ways can water enter the pavement |
|
Definition
- runoff from road (surface)
-runoff and seepage from cut batters (surface)
-runoff from higher ground (surface)
-infiltration from shoulder (subpavement)
-infiltration from pavement defects (subpavement)
-water vapour from water table (subsoil)
-rising or high water table (subsoil)
seepage from higher ground (subsoil) |
|
|
