Term
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Definition
| London Metropolitan Police Act (MPA), created first organized police force of over 1,000 men |
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Term
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Definition
| Thief takers profited due to lack of formal police |
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Term
| Where was the first police agency in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Many were corrupt
- Involved patrol on foot
- Major responsibilty was maintaining order
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Term
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Definition
| Most famous police reformer; instituted university training for young officers and argued for merit recruitment |
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Term
| The Emergence of Professionalism |
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Definition
| 1893 International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) - called for a civil service police force |
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Term
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Definition
- Turmoil and crisis in the 60s
- Supreme Court decisions impacted police
- Rapidly growing crime rate in the 60s
- 1970s - structural changes in police departments, increased federal support, LEAA, and the recruitment of women and minorities
- 1980s - emergence of community policing, unions fought for increase in salaries, state and local budgets were cut
- 1990s - Rodney King case
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Term
| Technology and Law Enforcement |
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Definition
- Crime mapping (hotspots, GIS)
- License plate recognition technology
- Digitizing criminal ID
- Automated Fingerprint ID Systems (AFIS)
- Digital dental records - Forensic Odontology
- DNA testing - Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)
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Term
| What is considered to be the backbone of policing? |
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Definition
| Patrolling, NOT detective work |
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Term
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Definition
- Most municipal police departments are independent agencies within the executive branch of government
- Most follow para-military model adhering to semi-rigid chain of command
- Personnel decisions often based on time-in-rank
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Term
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Definition
- 2/3 of most departments' personnel
- Deters crime through visible presence
- Maintains public order
- Responds to law violations or emergencies
- ID's and apprehends criminals
- Aids citizens in distress
- Facilitates movement of people and traffic
- Creates a sense of safety and security
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Term
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Definition
| Kansas City Patrol Study - levels of patrol had no significant impact on any outcome measure |
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Term
| What is broken windows policing? |
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Definition
- Police = maintainters of community order and safety; neighborhood disorder creates fear, neighborhoods give out crime-promoting signals, police need citizen cooperation
- Community preservation, public safety, and order maintenence - not crime fighting - should be primary focus of patrol
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Term
| What is the investigation function? |
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Definition
| Detectives investigate causes of crime and attempt to identify those responsible |
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Term
| What is an undercover/sting operation? |
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Definition
- Police deceive criminals into openly committing illegal acts
- Common in investigation of prostitutes, gambling, and narcotics
- Critics argue constitutes entrapment or may encourage commission of additional offenses
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Term
| What is the "blue curtain" or "thin blue line"? |
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Definition
| Officers isolate themselves and are isolated by others from society |
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Term
| What is the policing style? |
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Definition
Bottom up:
Watchman
Law Enforcer
Social Agent
Crime Fighter |
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Term
| What are some factors affecting police discretion? |
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Definition
| Legal, environmental, departmental, peer, situational, extralegal |
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Term
| _________ is inversely related to severity of offense. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Tennessee v. Garner case? |
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Definition
1985 - a police gunned down a suspect that was fleeing from the scene of a burglary after ordering him to halt (suspect was a minor, slight build, and unarmed - officer shot him solely to stop him from escaping)
- Police may not use deadly force upon a suspect unless they have probable cause to believe the suspect poses a threat of serious physical harm to the officer or others
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Term
| What is the Miranda Warning? |
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Definition
- Right to remain silent
- Any statements may be used in court of law
- Right to consult with an attorney and have one present during interrogation
- If cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed
- Improperly gathered confessions and statements are generally admissable
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Term
| What is search and seizure? |
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Definition
| All search and seizures require probable cause; all warrants must be obtained from the court and and be supported by an affidavit that establishes probable cause |
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