Term
| First Law of Thermodynamics? |
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Definition
| Energy of the universe is constant |
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Term
| Gibbs free energy equation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Disorder, entropy, of the universe tends to increase. |
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Term
| A favorable reaction is one which ΔG < or > than 0? What is this called? |
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Definition
| Favorable ΔG < 0, Spontaneous |
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Term
| The negative Amino Acids? |
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Definition
HAL
Histidine, Argenine, Lysine |
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Term
| The Positive Amino Acids? |
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Definition
Glutamic Acid
Aspartic Acid |
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Term
| Michaelis - Menton Constant "Km" is what? |
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Definition
Substrate concentration at which the reaction velicty is half its max.
Vmax/2 |
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Term
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Definition
| not much substrate is required to get the reaction rate to half the max. Enzyme has high affinity for this substrate. |
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Term
| The three meanings of oxidize? |
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Definition
Attach O2, or increase bonds to it.
Remove Hydrogen
Remove Electrons |
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Term
| The three meanings of reduce? |
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Definition
Remove O2, decrease bonds to O2
Add Hydogen
Add Electrons |
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Term
| Oxidative Catabolism of glucose has what 4 steps? |
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Definition
| Glycolysis, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain. |
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Term
| Stoichiometric equation of glucose oxidation/combustion. |
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Definition
| C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H20 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| PDC & Krebs Cycle occurs where? |
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Definition
| Matrix of the mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner membrane of the mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
2 Net ATP (4 total)
2 NADH
2 Pyruvate |
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Term
| What step of glycolysis is known as the committed step? |
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Definition
F-6-P ---> F-1,6 BP
(catalyzed by phosphofructokinase) |
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Term
| No NAD+ has what effect on glycolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pyruvate undergoes what before Krebs? |
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Definition
| Oxidative Decarboxylation, release CO2 and converted into an acetyl group with a CoA. |
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Term
| The Acetyl - CoA combines with what molecule at the start of Krebs? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first intermediate formed in Krebs is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is produced through krebs (1 turn) |
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Definition
| 2 CO's, 3 NADH's, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP |
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Term
| Per 1 Glucose, what is formed in Krebs? |
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Definition
| 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 GTP |
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Term
| From glycolysis to end of Krebs Cycle, how many ATP, NADH, FADH2 are produced? |
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Definition
| 2 ATP, 2 cytoplasmic NADH, 8 Mitochondrial NADH, 2 FADH2 |
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Term
| ATP synthase & ETC are located where? |
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Definition
| Inner mitochondrial membrane |
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation is what? |
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Definition
| Oxidation of high energy electron carriers (NADH, FADH2) coupled with phosphorylation of ADP --> ATP |
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Term
| ETC consists of how many carriers? Who reduces who? |
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Definition
| 5 e- carriers, each member reduces the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| Glycogen breakdown, found in liver/muscles. Carbohydrate storage. |
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Term
| Glycogenolysis occurs in response to ? |
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Definition
| Glucagon, when blood sugars are low, glucose is released into blood. |
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Term
| Which class of enzymes covalently modifies through the removal of phosphate? |
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Definition
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Term
| proteases are responsible for what ? |
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Definition
| breaking of peptide bonds that join the amino acids in a protein |
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Term
| Kinases are a class of enzymes that? |
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Definition
| that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group or another high-energy molecular group to an acceptor molecule. |
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