Term
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Definition
| ingested medication is slow release |
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Term
| what is not adsorbed by gastric lavage? |
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Definition
| ionized compounds (cyanide, flouride, strong acids, strong bases) |
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Term
| how to give bowel cleaning? |
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Definition
| gloytel (electrolytes and polyethylene glycocol) or giving a cathartic such as magnesium citrate |
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Term
| increase the rate of elimination of weak acid |
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Definition
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Term
| increase the rate of elimination of a weak base |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| alcohols, ethylene glycol, lithium, salicylates (water-souble, minimally bund to plasma proteins, low molecular weight, long terminal kinetic phase) |
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Term
| CO effect on Hb curve, other tissues |
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Definition
| shift to the left (dispace oxygen, and also decrease oxygen release in peripheral tissues), also binds to mitochondiral cytochrome oxidase |
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Term
| CO poisoning general effect |
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Definition
| hypoxia, anaeobic metabolism, lactic acidosis |
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Term
| ways to reduce CO half life in blood |
|
Definition
| increase FIO2 or give hyperbaric oxygen |
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Term
| how to measure carbon monoxide posioning |
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Definition
| measure caroxyhemoglobin in arterial blood sample. and patient is "cherry-red", despite hypoxia. |
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Term
| treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning |
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Definition
| remove, 100% O2, give pressor for hypotension, antidysrhythmic for cardiac arrythmias, and give barbituates to reduce electrical activity until seizuers stop and to minimize o2 requirement of the brain. |
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Term
|
Definition
| 10-30g, or about 20-60 extra strength tablets |
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Term
| symptoms of aspiring poisoning |
|
Definition
| CNS (headache, dizziness, mental confusion, tinnitus), or acid-base alterations, (hyperentialtion, vomiting).....then coma and seizures. |
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Term
| what does aspirin actually do |
|
Definition
| uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation(increase in CO2), stim med ventilatory centers--->both cause hyperventiatlion, and respiratory alkalosis, with renal compensatory metabolic acidosis. BUT at higher doses, repress med vent center so get both resp and renal acidosis. |
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Term
| how to treat aspirin overdose |
|
Definition
| adequate ventilation, correct acid-base, increase rate of aspirin secretion (raise pH), GIVE SODIUM BICARB, and ACTIVATED CHARCOAL, and DIALYSIS. |
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Term
|
Definition
| 10g, hepatic damage, 20g, fatal |
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|
Term
| toxic metabolite of acetominophen |
|
Definition
| NAPQI (glutathione exhaustion)- increase in AAT, ALT (hepatitis) reduced clotting factors (reduced hepatic function) |
|
|
Term
| course of aceto poisoning |
|
Definition
| 1st day, mild, nausea, vomiting. day 2, pain in right upper quadrant, then hepatic encephalopathy and death. |
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|
Term
| course of aceto poisoning |
|
Definition
| 1st day, mild, nausea, vomiting. day 2, pain in right upper quadrant, then hepatic encephalopathy and death. |
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Term
|
Definition
| give N-acetylcysteine (mucomyst)- and decrease gastrointestinal absorption. only within 36 hour window. |
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Term
|
Definition
| bind to cytochrome oxidases (so no ox. phosp- lactic acidosis)- 50mg in gas form, 200mg as KCN, |
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Term
|
Definition
| amyl nitrite-convert hem from Fe2+ to Fe3+, so keep CN on the hem in blood, not cyt. oxidase enzymes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| gastic lavage, sodium thiosulfate to help rohdanse converte CN to thioCNate, give, 100%O2, to remove CN from cyt. ox. |
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Term
|
Definition
| severe anion gap metabolic acidosis. decrease visual acuity, fized and dilated pupils, 15ml for blindness, 100ml for death. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ethanol, dialysis, and sodium bicarbonate |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| no carboxylic acid toxicity, gastric laveage, airway protection, and dialysis. 350ml of 70% will kill you |
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Term
|
Definition
| organophphates (inrrev. ACHEIs), carbamates (rapidly hydrolyzed and esterased ACHEIs) |
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Term
|
Definition
| potent muscarinic and nicotinic effects (pulmonary secretions, inadequate ventilation, seizures) |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| how to treat pesticide overdose |
|
Definition
| a) remove from skin b) gastic lavage and charcoal for ingestion c) atropine in large and repeated doses to dry respiratory secretions, not increase HR, d) pralidoxime if nicotinic signs are evident. |
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Term
|
Definition
| paint, gasoline, pipies, industrial metallurgy, fruits |
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Term
|
Definition
| 10% adults, 50% in children, hihgher when diet is deficient in oron, aclcium or zinc. , most ly bound to hem, then deposites in bone, 95% of lead burden is in bone. 30 year 1/2 life. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| anorexia, constipation, spasms, then heme poinsoning, then anemia, the peripheral neuropathy and hypertension. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| primarily CNS, poor grades, confusion, delirium, above 25mcg/dl use chelation. |
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|
Term
| which chelation agents for lead |
|
Definition
| calcium EDTA (for bone) and dimercaprol |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| bind to sulfar and inacivates sulfhydryl containing enzymes. so , CNS problems in cluding scotoomas, visual field losses, ataxia, hearing loss, decreased cognition, and movment disorders. |
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|
Term
| how to treat mercury poisoning |
|
Definition
| dimercaprol, penicillamine, succimer. CHLEATION |
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Term
|
Definition
| As5+ uncoupling ox. phos, and As3+ binds to sulhydril groups, no Krebs cycle |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle weakesnss, aching, and skin pigmentation, garlic odor on breath, bile obstrction and cirrhosis of the mliver , |
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Term
|
Definition
| food, 1-5% ab, inhal, is 10-40% aborb. |
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Term
|
Definition
| irriation of resp tract, deve of pnemonitis, renal tubular AND glomerular damage, pul fibrosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| CaEDTA, dimercaprol, penicillamine, succimer, |
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Term
|
Definition
| ECF only, contraind. in renal failure, causes tetany due to hypocalemica. IV or IM, toxic to kidney allow time to heal, |
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Term
|
Definition
| deep IM, transient increase in BP, HR, heache, nausia. INITIAL for Hg, As, Cd poisoning, w/EDTA for Pb. urine is usually alkalized |
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Term
|
Definition
| chaltor of Cu, now also for Pb, Hg, and As. effective orally, long-term managmenet, some reversible effects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| orally, less toxic, long term for pb, but no heavy metal chaelate such as Cu, Zn, or Pb. does, do Hg and As, but not approvated. |
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Term
|
Definition
| trichloroethylene, inhaled is unchanged, oral metab are carcinogenic, removed by aeration or activated charcoal. |
|
|
Term
| where is TCE, acute vs. chronic problems |
|
Definition
| drinking water. acute is anesthetic, downsiness, dizziness, decrease coordination. chronic problem is carcinogen. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metab to stable epoxide. enter nucleus and bind to bind cov to nucl acids. ACUTE.- seizures and arryth. CHRONIC- bone marrow supression, anemia, hrombocytopenia, neutropenia. leukemia. |
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Term
|
Definition
| dioxin, organic matter is burned in presence of chlroine. fatty tissues and solid organis. breast milk. |
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Term
|
Definition
| binds to AhR, induces CYP1A1, which turns polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to carcinogens. OLESTRA might decrease half-life of TCDD. , CHLORACNE, skin lesion. or DIABETES. |
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Term
|
Definition
| polychlorinated biphenyl. from envion. low volatirlity, and high lipid solbility. fatty tisues solid organs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| cloracne, is carcinogenic and will cause perhaps Parkinsons, and ALS. |
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