Term
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Definition
Toxicity of the epithelium --> sx of glare, photophobia, colored rings
CHATI
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Amiodarone
Tamoxifen
Indomethacin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Endothelial/Descemet's Pigmentation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Delayed Healing of the cornea |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A lysosomal disease that can cause..
Whorl Keratopathy and spoke like lens opacities |
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Term
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Definition
Chlorpromazine (stellate)
Amiodarone (deposits)
Miotics (vacuoles)
Gold Salts (gold deposits) |
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Term
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Definition
Corticosteroids
-dose dependent and irreversible, Hispanics are at a greater risk |
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Term
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Definition
Phenytoin (dilantin)
Phenobarbital (luminal)
Salicylates (NSAIDs)
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Term
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Definition
Antidepressants
Antianxiety |
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Term
| Smooth Pursuit impairment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-muscles undergo a spastic, abnormal muscle contractions that leave the eye abnormally positioned (usually elevated)
Phenothiazines
Cetirizine (Zyrtec) |
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Term
| Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cidofovir (Vistide)
Mycobutin (Rifabutin)
Sulfonamides |
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Term
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Definition
Corticosteroids
Minocycline |
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Term
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Definition
Sildenafil (viagra)
Sumatriptan (Imitrex)
Amiodarone (cordarone)
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Term
| Intracranial Hypertension/Psuedotumor |
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Definition
Tetracylines (minocycline, doxycycline)
Isotretinoin (accutane)
demerol (can also cause papilledema) |
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Term
| Drugs that DECREASE tear secretion |
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Definition
anticholinergics (atropine, scopolamine)
antihistamines, isotretinoin (accutane),
B blockers (timolol, atenolol, propanolol),
anto-depressants-[SSRIs (Fluoxetine), amitriptyline, imipramine (Tofranil)]
Phenothiazines-Chlorpromazine (thorazine), thioridazine (mellaril)
Hormone therapies: oral contraceptives, hormone replacement
CNS Stimulants: methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
Duiretics: hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) |
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Term
| Drugs that cause Mydriasis |
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Definition
Anticholinergics (atropine, scopolamine)
Antihistamines
Phenothiazides: chloropromazine (thorazine), thioridazine (mellaril)
CNS Stimulants: cocaine, methylphenidate (ritalin), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
CNS depressants: phenobarbital (luminal), antianxiety drugs: diazepam (valium) |
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Term
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Definition
Opiates (morphine, heroine, codeine)
demerol
Anticholinesterases (neostigmine)
--these are found in toxic nerve gases and most insectisides, can cause miosis for over a month- pralidoxime can be used to counteract |
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Term
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Definition
Systemic B Blockers
Cardiac Glycosides (digoxin)
alcohol
cannabinoids (marijuana-max effect ~ 60-90 mins after, lasts 4 hrs) |
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Term
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Definition
Corticosteroids (dec aqueous outflow)
Anticholinergics:
-atropine, scopolamine
-Antihistamines: bropheniramine (dimetane), diphenhydramine (benadryl)
-Tricyclic antidepressants: amitriptyline (elavil), imipramine (tofranil)
-Antipsychotics: phenothiazines- chlorpromazine (thorazine), thioridazine (mellaril) |
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Term
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Definition
Antiarrhythmic drug that can cause
-whorl keratopathy (inevitable at 400mg/day, at 100-200mg/day pt will have minimal or no corneal pathology)
-anterior subcapsular lens deposits (in higher doses > 600mg/day after 6 months of tx)
-NAION(within weeks of starting) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pigmentary retinopathy-similiar to Bull's eye |
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Term
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Definition
Bull's Eye Retinopathy
(more common than with hydroxychloroquine)
risk of retinopathy decreases with dosage < 3mg/kg body weight and less than 5 yrs treatment duration and normal renal function. |
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Term
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Definition
endothelial/Descemet's pigmentation
Anterior Subcapsular (stellate)
Decreased tear production
mydriasis
Increased IOP
hyperpigmentation of RPE |
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Term
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Definition
white or yellow crystalline deposits usually in the macula
with or without macular edema
crystalline retinopathy most common at doese > 6.5mg/kg/day x 5 years. |
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Term
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Definition
| Optic Neuritis (but unlikely culprits) |
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Term
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Definition
| Retinal heme, pigmentary changes (especially in the macula) |
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Term
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Definition
decrease healing
PSC
increased IOP
blue sclera |
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Term
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Definition
SPK
Blepharoconjunctivitis
lid edema
dryness
color vision loss
nyctalopia (night blindness)
Increased intracranial HTN |
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Term
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Definition
| Retinopathy (shiny, white emboli within arterioles) |
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Term
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Definition
Stromal gold deposits
Anterior Subcapsular gold deposits |
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Term
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Definition
ocualr finding are rare
Steven's johnson's syndrome
lid edema
Uveitis
Optic Neuritis |
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Term
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Definition
Pigmented cysts on conjunctiva
Increased Intracranial HTN |
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Term
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Definition
Subconj heme
conjunctival hyperemia
NAION |
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Term
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Definition
Decresed tear secretion
mydriasis
increased IOP |
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Term
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Definition
subconj heme
Nystagmus
retinal heme |
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Term
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Definition
Vasculopathy (arterial and vein occlusions, retinal heme)
Decreased tear secretion
Optic Neuritis
Papilledema, Pseudotumor |
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Term
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Definition
Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis
B/Y Color defects
entoptic phenomenon (snowy vision, flickering lights)
decreased IOP
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Term
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Definition
decreased tear secretion
increased IOP |
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Term
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Definition
CME
(topical when used in aphakic pts) |
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Term
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Definition
Decreased tear secretion
mydriasis |
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Term
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Definition
mydriasis
nystagmus (phenobarbital) |
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Term
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Definition
decreased tear secretion
mydriasis |
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Term
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Definition
optic neuritis-usually retrobulbar and bilateral
Chloramphenicol, streptomycin an sulfonamides can also cause optic neuritis
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Term
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Definition
decreased pursuit eye movements
decreased IOP |
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Term
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Definition
| increased growth and pigmentation |
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Term
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Definition
decreased tears
decreased IOP |
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Term
| Treatment for meibomianitis |
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Definition
doxycycline 100mg BID x 4 weeks
then QD x 3-6 months |
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Term
| Treatment for Acne Rosacea |
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Definition
doxycycline 100 mg BID until sx are relieved (2-6 weeks) then tapered to 100 mg x several weeks
long term tx with periostat (low dose- 20 mg)
metrogel cream
fish oil
omega 3s
treatment for rhinophyma: green tinted cosmetics, pulsed dye laser, for advanced: carbon dioxide laser, incisional surgery or electrocauterization. |
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Term
| Chlamydia inclusion Conjunctivitis Treatment |
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Definition
doxycycline 100 mg BID x 10 days
or
azithromycin 1g |
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Term
| Recurrent Corneal Erosions |
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Definition
broad spectrum antibiotic BID -QID go prevent infection. Preservative free tears q 1 hr, Muro 128 ung qhs x 3 months (cyclo to reduce pain) NSAID, bandage CL (unless intially CL related)
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors: oral Doxycycline 50 mg x 2 months and topical steroid TID x 3 weeks
surgical options: anterior stromal micropuncture, diamond burr polishing, PTK |
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Term
| Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma |
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Definition
Diamox: total of 500 mg PO ( either 2- 250mg tabs or 1 - 500mg)
Glycerin: 4-6oz (use isosorbide in DM) |
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Term
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Definition
(not recommended due to SE)
250 mg q6hrs or 500 mg q12 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| Muro 128 gtts QID and ung qhs |
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Term
| Dacryoadenitis, dacryocystitis, preseptal cellulitis treatment |
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Definition
Keflex 350-500mg BID -QID
Preseptal: Augmentin 875mg BID x 7 days can also be used. |
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Term
| Gonococcal Conjunctivitis treatment |
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Definition
ceftriaxone 1gram IV q 12-24 hrs (if cornea is involved) x 3-5 days
1gram IM if cornea is not involved |
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Term
| Orbital cellulitis treatment |
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Definition
ceftriaxone IV x 1 week
then oral antibiotics x 10 days |
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Term
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Definition
Fluroquinolone q 1-2 hrs for small ulcers
fortified q 1-2 hrs for larger or sight threatening ulcers |
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Term
| Simple Bacterial Conjunctivitis |
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Definition
| Fluoroquinolone QID x 5-7 days |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluroquinolone BID -QID depending on size and location |
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Term
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Definition
Zymar and Vigmaox are 4th gen. that have advanced potency for gram + while maintiaing gram -
all topical fluroquinolones, except Quixin are approved for pts > 1 yo |
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Term
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Definition
| used QID for inflammatory ocular conditions with associated bacterial infx (staph marginal keratitis, corneal infiltrates) |
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Term
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Definition
aplastic anemia
optic neuritis
grey baby syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
prophylaxis as noctural lubricant
prophylaxis for gonoccocal ophthalmia neonatorum
PO for chylamydial infx |
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Term
| Chylamidia (trachoma and inclusion conjucntivitis) |
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Definition
| Azithromycin single 1 g dose on empty stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| AzaSite QD with loading dose of q12 hrs x a few days |
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Term
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Definition
Rifampin derivative (Tb med)
can cause uveitis, optic neuropathies, corneal endothelial deposits and pink tears. |
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Term
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Definition
natamycin (or amphotericin B) is prescribed q1-2hrs while awake
add oral antifungals in severe cases
*do not use natamycin in pregnant pts.
Sabouraud's agar is recommended |
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Term
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Definition
| oral ketoconazole 200mg x several weeks |
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Term
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Definition
Viroptic q2 hrs (9x/day) until lesion is healed (5-7 days) then 5x/day x 5-7days.
OR
Zirgan 5x/day until healed, then TID x 7 days. |
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Term
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Definition
Viroptic QID (prophylaxis) and PredForte QID
(less commonly used-topicals are standard)
acyclovir 400mg 5x/day x 7days
OR
Valtrex 500 mg TID x 7days
OR
Famciclovir 250mg TID x 7days |
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Term
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Definition
acyclovir 800mg 5x/day x 7days
OR
Valtrex 1000mg TID x 7days
OR
Famciclovir 500mg TID x 7days |
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Term
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Definition
ganciclovir IV or intraocular implant
foscarnet IV (if ganciclovir fails) |
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Term
| Prophylaxis for HSV keratitis |
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Definition
acyclovir 400 mg BID
OR
Valtrex 250mg BID
OR
Famciclovir 125mg BID |
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Term
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Definition
removal of lice and eggs with jeweler's forceps
bacitracin or erythromycin TID x 1-2 weeks
anti lice lotion and shampoo (Kwell to non ocular areas) |
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Term
| benign essential blepharospasm |
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Definition
sinemet (antiparkinson's med can be used)
Contraindications: schizophrenia,cardiac arrythmia, melanoma, risk of angle closure.
or bromocriptine |
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Term
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Definition
| Bromocriptine for prolactin secreting adenomas. |
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Term
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Definition
ACE inhibitor-tx Alzeheimer's dementia
SE: cataracts, blurred vision, eye irritation, glaucoma (pre existing GL may be relative contraindication) |
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Term
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Definition
vitmain K antagonist used for chronic anticoagulation
should be d/c 96-115 hours (4 doses)b4 cataract surgery |
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Term
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Definition
mild steroid QID x 5-7 days
ibuprofen 200-600mg TID x 5-7 days
artifical tears & cold compresses
67% recurrence |
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Term
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Definition
| mild steroid BID -QID x 5-7days |
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Term
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Definition
(topicals are NOT effective)
oral steroid 60-100mg QD x 1 week, taper to 20mg QD x 203 weeks then continue to taper
find underlying cause (50% associated with systemic dz)
Ibuprofen 400-600mg QID or indomethacin 25mg TID, or Naproxen 250-500mg BID (1-3 weeks) |
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Term
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Definition
| 80-100mg QD x 204 weeks or until sx resolve and ESR is normal. (this tx is started 3 days AFTER initial 3 days of IV methylprednisolone) |
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Term
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Definition
| oral steriod 100mg QD x 2-14 days |
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Term
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Definition
Diabetic Macular Edema
Grave's orbitopathy
intermediate and non resolving posterior uveitis
chalazion removal
CME s/p cataract SX (if topical fails)
macular edema s/p CRVO
CME associated with non infectious posterior uveitis |
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Term
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Definition
PredForte QID
topical NSAID BID-QID |
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Term
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Definition
tx lupus, RA, malaria
bull's eye maculopathy (but lower risk compared to chloroquine)
risk of retinopathy is low as long as daily dose does not exceed 400mg/day or 6.5mg/kg of body weight/day. anyone <135lbs is at increased risk if taking standard dose of 400mg/day. duration of <5 yrs and normal renal function dec risk. |
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Term
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Definition
6-10 weeks s/p cataract surgery
NSAID BID + PredForte QID |
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Term
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Definition
| silver nitrate (0.5%-1%) application for moderate/severe cases. |
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Term
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Definition
| antiparasitic drugs (brolene, polyhexamethyl biguanide) q 1-2 hrs |
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Term
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Definition
PredForte 1% q 1-2 hours
homatropine 5% q 12 hours |
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