Term
| 1. _____ is a family of gasses that belong to the family of sulfur oxide gasses, which dissolve easily in water. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. Sulfur is prevalent is all raw materials including _____ and _____ and ore that contains these 5 common metals. |
|
Definition
| CRUDE OIL; COAL; 1) ALUMINUM, 2) COPPER, 3) ZINC, 4) LEAD, 5) IRON |
|
|
Term
| 3. _____ is an irritating, soluble component of acid rain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. _____ is a colorless, nonflammable irritant gas produced by burning sulfur-containing materials. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5. Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant from _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. SO2 is water soluble to form _____, which may be oxidized to _____. |
|
Definition
| SULFUROUS ACID, SULFURIC ACID |
|
|
Term
| 7. Both the sulfuric and sulfurous acids are components of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 8. Sulfur dioxide and its byproducts causes severe irritation of these 3 places. |
|
Definition
| 1) SKIN, 2) MUCUS MEMBANES, 3) SKIN |
|
|
Term
| 9. _____ is a major warning sign of sulfur dioxide poisoning, while there are no warning signs for CO poisoning. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10. People who have these 4 jobs are in danger of occupational exposure to sulfur dioxide. |
|
Definition
| 1) ORE AND METAL REFINING, 2) CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, 3) WOOD PULP TREATMENT, 4) CEMENT MANUFACTURING |
|
|
Term
| 11. Sulfur dioxide is a major content of _____, _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| DISINFECTANT, REFRIGERANT, AND DRIED FOOD PRESERVATIVES |
|
|
Term
| 12. SO2 contributes to _____, particularly in children and the elderly, and aggravates existing _____. |
|
Definition
| RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; HEART AND LUNG DISEASES |
|
|
Term
| 13. SO2 contributes to the formation of atmospheric particles that cause _____, most noticeable in national parks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 14. SO2 is able to be transported over _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 15. High levels of SO2 emitted over a short period, such as a day, can be particularly problematic for people with _____, so people should learn about the types of industries in their communities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 16. Sulfur dioxide gas is released primarily from these 3 sources. |
|
Definition
| 1) COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUELS, 2) SMELTING OF SULFIDE ORES, 3) VOLCANIC EMISSIONS |
|
|
Term
| 17. Sulfur dioxide is converted into _____ on contact with a wet mucus membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 18. The sharp odor taste of sulfur dioxide is noticed at _____ppm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 19. Most effects of SO2 poisoning takes place in the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20. If massive accumulation of sulfur dioxide reaches the lower respiratory tract, it may lead to _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| CHEMICAL PNEUMONITIS, AND PULMONARY EDEMA |
|
|
Term
| 21. 4 clinical patients of SO2 poisioning. |
|
Definition
| 1) ACUTE EPOSURE CAUSES BURNING EYES, NOSE AND THROAT, 2) BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND COPD, 3) FROSTBITE MAY HAPPEN DUE TO EXPOSURE OF LIQUID SO2, 4) SULFHEMOFLOBINEMIA |
|
|
Term
| 22. _____ is the presence of sulfetmoglobin in the blood, and its most clinically significant symptom is _____. |
|
Definition
| SULFHEMOGLOBINEMIA; CYANOSIS |
|
|
Term
| 23. Sulfur dioxide is inhaled and absorbed in the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 24. Sulfur dioxide causes these 4 things in the upper respiratory tract. |
|
Definition
| 1) BRONCHIAL CONSTRICTION, 2) ALTERED SMOOTH MUSCLE TONE, 3) INCREASED RESISTANCE TO AIR FLOW, 4) PULMONARY EDEMA |
|
|
Term
| 25. _____ patients are especially sensitive to increased bronchoconstrictive effects of sulfur dioxide. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 26. _____ occurs when light is scattered of absorbed by particles and gasses in the air. Sulfate particles are the major cause of reduced visibility in many parts of the US, including our national parks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1. 2 things that must be present to confirm the diagnosis of SO2 poisoning. |
|
Definition
| 1) HISTORY OF EXPOSURE TO A COLORLESS GAS WITH A PUNGENT AND SUFFOCATING ODOR, 2) PRESENCE OR AIRWAY AND MUCUS MEMBRANE IRRITATION |
|
|
Term
| 2. 4 steps of the initial management of SO2 poisoning. |
|
Definition
| 1) REMOVE THE VICTIM FROM EXPOSURE, 2) WASH EXPOSED SHIN AND EYES WITH WATER OR SALINE, 3) CALL 911, 4) CALL POISON CONTROL CENTER |
|
|
Term
| 3. Persons whose _____ or _____ is contaminated with liquid sulfur dioxide can secondarily contaminate response personnel by direct contact or thorough off gassing of vapor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. 5 treatments for SO2 poisoning. |
|
Definition
| 1) SUPPORT OF RESPIRATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONS, 2) ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION AND ASSISTED VENTILATION, 3) ADMINISTRATION OF HUMIDIFIED OXYGEN, 4) RAEROSOLIZED BRONCHODILATORS, 5) TREAT FROSTBITE |
|
|
Term
| 5. There is no _____ for sulfur dioxide poisoning. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. _____ is a toxin that occurs in electric arc welding, electroplating, and engraving machinery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7. _____ are irritant gasses with relatively low water solubility. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 8. Nitrogen oxides cause _____. |
|
Definition
| DELAYED-ONSET CHEMICAL PNEUMONITIS |
|
|
Term
| 9. Nitrogen oxides can oxidize hemoglobin to _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10. 3 clinical presentations of patients with nitrogen oxide exposure. |
|
Definition
| 1) BURNING EYES, 2) SORE THROAT, 3) COUGH |
|
|
Term
| 11. Diagnosis of nitrogen oxide poisoning is linked with the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. Because of the potential of _____ of nitrogen oxide poisoning, all patients with significant smoke inhalation should be observed for several hours. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 13. 6 rescue managements of a patient with nitrogen oxide poisoning. |
|
Definition
| 1) DECONTAMINATION, 2) REMOVE VICTIMS FROM EXPOSURE AND GIVE SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN, 3) RESCUER SHOULD WEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, 4) REMOVE ANY WET CLOTHING AND FLUSH EXPOSED SKIN WITH WATER, 5) WASH EYES, 6) MONITOR FOR UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION AND PROVIDE ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION |
|
|
Term
| 14. People expose to nitrogen oxide should be observed for a minimum of 24 hours for _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| CHEMICAL PNEUMONITIS AND PULMONARY EDEMA |
|
|
Term
| 15. 5 therapeutic treatments for nitrogen dioxide poisoning. |
|
Definition
| 1) ADEQUATE OXYGENATION AND ALVEOLAR VENTILATION, 2) BRONCHODILATORS, 3) SEDATIVES, 4) ANTIBIOTICS, 5) STEROIDS |
|
|
Term
| 16. _____ is an irritating, naturally occurring colorless or bluish gas found in high levels in polluted air and around high-voltage equipment’s. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 17. Ozone is present in the atmosphere, where it is an important absorbent of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 18. Ozone can occur around ozone producing devices used for _____, _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| AIR PURIFICATION, WATER PURIFICATION, AND INDUSTRIAL BLEACHING OPERATIONS |
|
|
Term
| 19. If ozone occurs in ti layer of the atmosphere, it is an air pollutant that is harmful to breathe, and it damages crops, trees and other vegetation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20. Ozone is a main ingredient of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 21. The _____ layer of the atmosphere is the good ozone layer that extends from 6-30 miles above land. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 22. _____ work exposes the workers to ozone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 23. _____ problems are linked to ozone, and exposures have been recorded in Ontario, Canada hospitals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 24. Mild exposure of ozone causes _____ irritation. |
|
Definition
| UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION |
|
|
Term
| 25. Severe exposure to ozone can cause _____ irritation such as _____. |
|
Definition
| LOWER LUNG IRRITATION; PULMONARY EDEMA |
|
|
Term
| 26. Ozone causes functional pulmonary changes similar to those with _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 27. Toxicity of ozone may result from _____ formation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 28. Ozone can worsen the effects of people who suffer with _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 29. _____ and _____ help form ground level ozone, but also contribute to global warming and the heat island effect. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 30. 5 groups of people who are at risk of ozone poisoning. |
|
Definition
| 1) HEALTHY ADULTS, 2) CHILDREN, 3) ATHLETES, 4) OUTDOOR WORKERS, 5) ASTHMATICS |
|
|
Term
| 31. 7 health effects of ozone pollution. |
|
Definition
| 1) DECREASED LUNG FUNCTION, 2) LUNG INFLAMMATION, 3) DECREASED EXERCISE CAPACITY, 4) INCREASED HOSPITALIZATIONS, 5) CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, 6) BRONCHIOLITIS AND EMPHYSEMATOUS CHANGES, 7) PULMONARY FIBROSIS |
|
|
Term
| 32. _____ is given to manage ozone toxicity since there is no treatment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 33. _____ are a heterogenous group of organic substances that are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen molecules. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 34. 9 places hydrocarbons can be found. |
|
Definition
| 1) FUELS, 2) PAINTS, 3) SPOT REMOVERS, 4) DRY CLEANING SOLUTIONS, 5) LAMP OIL, 6) LUBRICANTS, 7) RUBBER, 8) CEMENT, 9) SOLVENTS |
|
|
Term
| 35. Many volatile substances that contain hydrocarbons are commonly abused for their _____ effects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 36. 4 places where hydrocarbons are derived from. |
|
Definition
| 1) PETROLEUM DISTILLATION, 2) ANIMAL FATS, 3) COAL, 4) PLANT OIL |
|
|
Term
| 37. 12 common compounds which contain hydrocarbons. |
|
Definition
| 1) PETROLEUM JELLY, 2) MOTOR OIL, 3) GAS, 4) KEROSINE, 5) PETROLEUM, 6) MINERAL SEAL OIL, 7) PETROLEUM ETHER, 8) TERPENTINE, 9) PINE OIL, 10) CAMPHOR, 11) PHENOL, 12) AROMATIC COMPOUNDS |
|
|
Term
| 38. Toxicity from hydrocarbon ingestion can affect many different organs, but the _____ are the most commonly affected organ. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 39. The _____ of the individual hydrocarbon determine the specific toxicity, while the _____ and _____ affect which organs are exposed to the toxicity. |
|
Definition
| CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; DOSE AND ROUTE |
|
|
Term
| 40. _____ is a recreation use of hydrocarbons where people directly inhale vapors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 41. _____ is a recreational use of hydrocarbons where people place a hydrocarbon-saturated rag over their mouth and nose and inhale. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 42. _____ is a recreational use of hydrocarbon where people inhale the product using a plastic bag filled with hydrocarbon vapors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 43. 9 managements of hydrocarbon intoxication. |
|
Definition
| 1) MOVE THE VICTIM TO FRESH AIR, 2) MAINTAIN AN OPEN AIRWAY AND ASSIST VENTILATION, 3) CALL 911, 4) CALL POISON CONTROL, 5) ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS PULSE SHOULD BE MONITORED FOR 6 HOURS, 6) IF PATIENT REMAINS ASYMPTOMATIC THEN TAKE A CHEST RADIOGRAPH TO CHECK FOR ASPIRATION, 7) DECONTAMINATION OF THE GI TRACT, 8) IPECAC TO INDUCE VOMITING, 9) GASTRIC LAVAGE |
|
|
Term
| 44. There is no specific _____ for most of the hydrocarbons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 45. _____ is a drug used to treat carbon tetrachloride poisoning. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 46. _____ is a drug used for hydrocarbon methhemoglobin formers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 47. _____ is a drug used for leaded gasoline poisoning and pesticides. |
|
Definition
|
|
