Term
| How do Cyanide Kits work? |
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Definition
Sodium nitrite + Sodium thiosulfate + Amyl nitrite inhaled
Amyl nitrite + IV sodium nitrite converts some hemoglobin-> methemoglobin
Cyanide drawn to methemoglobin-> cyanmethemoglobin
Sodium thiosulfate+ cyanmethamoglobin -> thiocyanate, releaseing hemoglobin
Thiocyanate excreted in urine |
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Term
| How is Hydrocarbon toxication treated? |
|
Definition
Decontaminate and ABC's
Mg and K for arrhythmias
Lidocaine or beta blockers for V-fib
*Charcoal doesn't work* |
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Term
| What are the Insecticides? What kind of intoxication can they cause? What are the side effects? |
|
Definition
Organophosphates - malathion Carbamates - Carbofuran
Inhibit acetylcholinesterase
Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation GI symptoms Emesis Bronchorrhea Bronchospasm Bradycardia |
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Term
| How are Insecticide intoxications treated? |
|
Definition
Supportive treatment
Atropine |
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Term
| What are the nerve gases? How are they treated? |
|
Definition
| Phosphates + Sarin Soman VX Pralidoxime (2PAM) IV infusion |
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Term
| What kind of injury do caustic acids cause? |
|
Definition
Coagulation necrosis
Stomach most commonly involved |
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Term
| What kind of injury do caustic Alkalines cause? |
|
Definition
Liquefactive necrosis
Epithelium of oropharynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus |
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Term
| What enzymes does Lead inhibit in Heme production? |
|
Definition
d-ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase
Interferes with heme synthesis by blocking incorporation of iron into protoporphyrin IX |
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Term
| What is the progression of symptoms of Lead Toxicity? |
|
Definition
Colic and Constipation
(Na/K-ATPase inhibition)
Slowed Nerve Conduction
(Schwann cell destruction and demyelination)
Lead Anemia
(Micro-/normo-cytic hypochromic w/ reticulocytosis)
Acute impairment of proximal tubule fxn CNS encephalopathy |
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Term
| How is Lead Toxicity treated? |
|
Definition
Chelation Therapy
Succimer - mild/asymptomatic cases
(Approved for children)
Dimercaprol - severe symptoms & encephalopathy
Calcium EDTA - only w/ Dimercaprol |
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|
Term
| What does chronic Arsenic exposure cause? |
|
Definition
hyperpigmentation
Palmar and Solar keratoses
Malignant Change in all organs of the body |
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Term
| What is the treatment for Arsenic Poisoning? |
|
Definition
Dimercaprol - in peanut oil #1
Succimer - bead-filled oral capsule |
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|
Term
| What can cause interstitial pneumonitis with vapor exposure? |
|
Definition
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Term
| How is Mercury Poisoning treated? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the progression of Iron Toxicity? |
|
Definition
Nausea & hemorrhagic diarrhea with abdominal pain
6-12hrs-> resolution of GI symptoms & apparent recovery
>24hrs-> Metabolic Acidosis
Long Term-> GI tract scarring with obstruction |
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Term
| What is the first choice for Iron intoxication treatment? |
|
Definition
Deferoxamine IV infusion
Urine Red discoloration, tachycardia, hypotension, shock |
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Term
| What are the major indications for antivenom treatment for a snake bite? |
|
Definition
Rapid progression of swelling
Significant coagulation defect
Neuromuscular paralysis CV collapse |
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Term
| What is the antivenom for snake bites? |
|
Definition
CroFAB
utilizes smaller antibody fragments, less likely to induce antibody host response |
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