Term
MS
This acronym stands for 3 different medical terms. What are they? |
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(1) Musculoskeletal system
(2) mitral stenosis
(3) multiple sclerosis |
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| A persistent belief in an untruth. |
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| An inaccurate sensory perception based on a real stimulus. |
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Mental
What are the two medical terms associated with this word |
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(1) Pertaining ot the chin
(2) pertaining to the mind (mental health) |
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| Refers to one of ttwo holes (foramina) located on the anterior (front) surface of the mandible (lower jaw). |
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Main largest portion of the brain, occupying the upper part of the cranial cavity.
Its two hemispheres, united by the corpus callosum, from the largest part of the CNS in humans |
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| Comprising the forebrain, midbrain, and hisbrain. |
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Situated on the back of the brainstem.
Consisting of a median lobe (vermis) and two lateral lobes (the hemispheres). |
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| The stem like portion of the brain connecting the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord and comprising the pons, medulla oblongata, and the midbrain. |
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Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain.
It contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal glands.
Involved in controlling body temperature, sleep, appetite, blood pressure, and sexual activity. |
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| The part of the central nervous system lodged in the spinal column |
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| The three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. They are the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. |
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| The outermost, toughest of the 3 meninges of the brain and spinal cord |
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| The delicate membrane interposed between the dura mater and the pia mater. |
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| The innermost of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord |
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| Fluid in the ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid space, and the central canal. |
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| The 12 pairs of nerves and emerging from the cranial cavity through various openings in the skull |
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| Responsible for sense of smell |
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| Responsible for movements of the eye |
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| Responsible for the muscles of the eyes |
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| Responsible for facial movements |
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| Responsible for muscles of the eye turning the eye outward |
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| Responsible for muscles of the face ears and scalp |
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| pertaining to the ear or sense of hearing |
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| Pertaining to the tongue and pharynx |
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| Pneumogastric vagus nerve |
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| nerve responsible for voice and swallowing |
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| Nerve possible for the neck muscles |
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| The 31 pairs of nerves without special names that are connected to the spinal cord |
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| The part of the autonomic nervous system assisting the body in emergencies, defense, and survival. |
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| Parasympathetic component |
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| The part of the autonomic nervous system bringing body functions back to normal after a stressful situation has ended. |
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| Secondary to infection in the body |
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Alzheimers disease
(Presenile dementia) |
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Definition
Characterized by confusion, restlessness, agnosia, speech disturbancea, inability to carry out purposeful movements, and hallucinations.
The disease usually begins in later mid life with slight defects in memory and behavior and occurs with equal frequency in men and women.
The cause is unknown. |
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) |
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| Progressive degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. usually fatal |
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| Congenital absence of the brain. death occurs in one to two days. |
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Unilateral facial paralysis of sudden onset caused by lesion of the facial nerve.
Facial distortion. |
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The disorder is largely due to the result of repetitive overuse of the fingers, hands, or wrists, which causes inflammation of the median nerve in the tunnel.
Symptoms are intermittent or continue with pain, especially at night.
Treatment involves anti-inflammatory drugs, splints, physical therapy, and seizing the overuse.
If these measures fail, surgical measures to relieve the pressure may be necessary. |
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Paralysis from developmental defects or trauma.
Many symptoms.
Appearing before age 3 years, caused by non progressive damage to the brain. |
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Cerebrovascular accident
CVA |
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Decrease in blood flow supply to the brain, causing death to the specific portion of the brain tissue affected.
There are three types of CVA: Hemorrhagic stroke, thrombotic stroke, and embolic stroke. |
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| When a cerebral vessel ruptures |
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| Occurs when a blood clot in the arteries leading to the brain becomes occluded and blocked. |
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| Occurs when an embolus (a fragment of blood clot, fat, bacteria, or tumor) lodges in a cerebral vessel and causes occlusion. |
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| Blow to the head. There may or may not be a loss of consciousness. |
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An involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the voluntary muscles.
Sudden disturbances in mental functions and body movements, some with loss of consciousness. |
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| Inflammation of the brain |
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| Seizure disorder. Cause usually unknown. Symptoms can be managed with medication |
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| A break in the bones of the skull. Cause can be injury, gunshot wounds |
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| Also called tonic clonic seizures. Characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, and involuntary muscle contractions. |
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| Blood tumor clot. Must be removed if large enough to cause pressure on the brain |
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| Shingles. An acute inflammatory disease of cerebral or spinal nerves caused by viral infection |
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| Ceaseless occurrence of rapid, jerky, involuntary movements |
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| Water on the brain. A congenital or acquired condition, marked by dilation of the cerebral ventricles accompanied by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull |
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| An alcoholic psychosis with disorientation, progressing to complete amnesia |
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| Inflammation of the meninges caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection |
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Meningocele
Myelomeningocele |
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| Hernial protrusion of the meninges through a bone defect in the cranium or vertebral column. |
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| Brain and cord contain areas of degenerated myelin. Symptoms of lesions include weakness, incoordination, speech disturbances, and visual complaints. |
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| A progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and muscle weakness. Considered to be an autoimmune disease. |
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| Disease of cranial and peripheral nervous system. Motor, sensory, and reflex impairment |
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Organic brain syndrome
(chronic brain syndrome) |
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| Any mental disorder caused by impairment of brain tissue function |
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| A slowly progressive, degenerative, neurological disorder characterized by resting tremor. |
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| Also called absence seizure. A minor seizure lasting only a few seconds |
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| An acute viral disease with fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, and often stiffness of the neck and back |
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| Severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve. Also pain radiating into the buttock and lower limb, most commonly caused by herniation of a lumbar disk |
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| To bypass. As in using a catheter to drain fluid from brain cavities to the spinal cord. |
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| A traumatic disruption of the spinal cord, with extensive musculoskeletal involvement. |
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Beneath the dura mater, usually a result of a closed head injury, acceleration deceleration injury,use of anticoagulants, contusions, or chronic alcoholism.
They are largely a result of venous bleeding. |
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| An inherited inborn error of metabolism in which there is an enzyme deficiency causing altered lipid metabolism. |
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| Benign or malignant, primary or metastatic. |
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| A popular term for an acute cervical sprain. Acceleration extension injury of the cervical spine. |
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| A radiopaque substance is injected into arteries in the neck, x-ray films are taken. |
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| Reflex response. When sole of the foot is stroked, the big toe turns up instead of down. Normal in newborn, but pathologic later on. |
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| Holes made with a drill creating openings in bone to permit access for biopsy, insertion of drains for relieving pressure, or for monitoring devices. |
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Computerized tomography
CT
Brain scan
CAT scan
What do they all entail? |
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| Three-dimensional view of brain tissue obtained an x-ray beams pass through layers of the brain. |
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| Cutting of nerve fibers to relieve intractable pain. |
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| Any operation on the cranium. For example, puncture of the skull and removal of its contents to decrease the size of the head of a dead fetus in a delivery. |
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| use of ultrasound to show displacement of brain structures. |
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| record of electrical activity of the brain |
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| Examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Cell counts, culture, blood. |
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| Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra to view the spinal cord or relieve pressure |
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| The surgical interruption of part of the sympathetic nerve pathways, perform for the relief of chronic pain in vascular diseases, such as: arteriosclerosis, qualification. |
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| Magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the brain |
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Non invasive technique using magnetic waves to create an image of the brain.
it is far more precise and accurate than most diagnostic tools |
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| the film produced by myelography |
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| Injection of a dye to the subarachnoid space to detect tumors or herniated discs. |
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| Injection of anaesthetic into a nerve to reduce the loss of sensation |
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| Conducting cells of the nervous system, consisting of a cell body containing the nucleus and its surrounding cytoplasm, and the axon and dendrites. |
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| Specialized cells for transmitting impulses |
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| Pneumoencephalogram (PEG) |
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| The radiograph obtained by visualization of the fluid-containing structures of the brain after cerebral spinal fluid is intermittently withdrawn by lumbar puncture and replaced by air, oxygen, or helium. |
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Positron emission tomography scan
PET |
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Images of various structures show how the brain uses glucose and gives information about brain function.
Used to assess Alzheimer's, stroke, epilepsy, and schizophrenia as well as the study and diagnosing of brain tumors. |
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| Cutting the roots of spinal nerves to relieve incurable pain. |
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| A test of the sense of balance. |
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| Drilling a hole in the skull to evacuate clots or inject air for a diagnostic procedure. |
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| Surgical transaction of the fibers of the vagus nerve. |
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| Radiography of the cerebral ventricles after introduction of air or other contrast medium. |
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| The feeling you experience in connection with a emotion |
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| Hostile attitude. May be caused by insecurity or inferiority feeling |
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| Conflicting emotional attitudes toward a goal |
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| Developmental disorder characterized by the inability to form social relationships and communicate with others |
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| Brain disorder in which the individual experiences extremes in energy, mood, and behavior between mania and depression that interfere with the ability to carry out day-to-day activities. |
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| Excessive motor activity or lack of reaction and movement. Observed in schizophrenia |
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| A mental disturbance of relatively short duration. Illusions, hallucinations, and excitement |
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| In psychiatry a morbid sadness, dejection, or melancholy. A decrease of body functions |
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| Automatic repetition by a patient of what is said to him or her |
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Electroconvulsive therapy.
ECT, EST |
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| Introducing convulsions by means of electricity. Used on patients with affective disorders |
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| Hearing or seeing things not really present |
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| Extremely emotional state |
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| Disabling brain disorder that interferes with normal activities of working, eating, sleeping, enjoying usual activities. |
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| Make believe. Pretending to be ill |
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| Belief in one's own extreme greatness, goodness, or power. |
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| Mental and physical exhaustion as a result of psychological stress |
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An emotional disorder caused by unresolved conflicts .
Anxiety is its chief characteristic |
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| Person who is overly suspicious with feelings of being persecuted or having delusions of his or her abilities of power that are not consistent with reality |
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| Any persistent abnormal dread or fear |
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| A major mental disorder with a loss of contact with reality. Characterized by the illusions and hallucinations. |
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| Occur during periods of dreaming |
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| A chronic, severe, and debilitating brain disorder characterized by visual and auditory hallucinations and delusions as well as disordered thoughts |
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| Loss of ability to speak owing to injury or disease of the brain centers |
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| Failure of muscular coordination |
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| The process of furnishing a person with information on the state of one or more physiologic variables. Heart rate, blood pressure, or skin temperature. |
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| The collection of spinal roots descending from the lower spinal cord and supplying the rectal area |
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| In a deep stupor. Cannot be aroused |
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| Denoting an injury to the brain, occurring at a site opposite to the point of impact |
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| A reflex elicited by a sharp tap on the appropriate tendon or muscle to induce brief stretch of the muscle, followed by contraction |
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| Many meanings. One refers to a deep furrow in the brain |
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| Weak, lax, soft, flabby. Poor muscle tone |
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| A large opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes |
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| A knot. A group of nerve cell bodies, located outside the central nervous system |
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Gyrus
Give the meaning and the plural form |
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convolutions of the cerebrum
Plural form = gyri |
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| Hemisphere . Pertaining to brain |
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| Ipsilateral. Pertaining to brain |
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| Situated on or affecting the same side |
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| The part of the brain associated with attitudes and emotional behavior |
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| An instrument for measuring the pressure. For example spinal fluid |
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| White, liquid, fatty substance surrounding some nerve fibers. It is the white matter. |
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Neurilemma.
(Sheath of schwann) |
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| The membrane surrounding the peripheral nerves |
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| Inability to use muscles because of damage to the nervous system |
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| Slight or incomplete paralysis |
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| An abnormal sensation. Such as burning or prickling |
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| The network of nerves or blood vessels |
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| Involuntary response to a stimulus |
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| Uncontrollable and forced contractions |
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| Any agent, Act, or influence that produces a reaction or response |
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Sulcus
Give the meaning and the plural form |
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A groove, trench, or furrow on the brain surface.
Plural = sulci |
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| A faint. Temporary loss of consciousness |
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| Ventricle. Pertaining to the brain |
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| A small cavity in the brain |
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| Prevents or relieves convulsions or seizures |
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| prevents, cures, or alleviates mental depression |
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| Induce sleep or semiunconsciousness |
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