Term
| Who are the 3 people that contributed to the development of cell theory? |
|
Definition
- Schleiden (botanist)
- Schwann (zoologist)
- Rudolph Virchow |
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Term
| What are the 3 basic premises of the CELL THEORY? |
|
Definition
- All organisms consist of 1 or more cells
- The cell is the basic living unit of living organisms
- All cells come from pre-existing cells |
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|
Term
| the 2 advantages of compound light microscopes |
|
Definition
- real colors
- specimens are alive and moving around |
|
|
Term
| the 3 disadvantages of compound light microscopes |
|
Definition
- limited magnification
- limited resolution power
- limited clarity |
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|
Term
| the 2 advantages of transmission electron microscopes |
|
Definition
- higher magnification
- higher resolution |
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|
Term
| the 2 disadvantages of transmission electron microscopes |
|
Definition
- no color
- no live specimens (have to freeze and slice) |
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|
Term
| advantage of scanning electron microscopes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 2 disadvantages of scanning electron microscopes |
|
Definition
- black and white
- dead organisms |
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Term
| 3 features that are common to types of cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic) |
|
Definition
1. have plasma (or cell) membrane
2. have cytoplasm with ribosomes
3. have DNA |
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|
Term
| what are the two types of cells? |
|
Definition
- prokaryotic
- eukaryotic |
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|
Term
T or F
Prokaryotic cells are more complex that eukaryotic cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F
Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus while prokaryotic cells do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do prokaryotic cells have ribosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F
Prokaryotic cells don't have membrane-bound organisms why eukaryotic cells do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 functions of the nucleus? |
|
Definition
- hereditary instructions
- controls synthesis of organic molecules
- governs growth of cell
- governs division of cell |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 functions of the cytoplasm |
|
Definition
- maintaining the shape and consistency of the cell
- stores chemicals important for life
- medium for all cell functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - polypeptide (protein) formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- fluid that is within the cell
- housing the nucleus and all other organelles |
|
|
Term
| what is the endoplasmic reticulum? |
|
Definition
| a series of tunnels or sacs |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)? |
|
Definition
| they have ribosomes attached to them |
|
|
Term
| what are smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? |
|
Definition
| they have no ribosomes attached to them |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of RER? |
|
Definition
| using the attached ribosomes to continue the synthesis of proteins |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of SER? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - the receptor of the vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- modifying, sorting, and packaging macromolecules
- processes and packages proteins after their synthesis
- transporting lipids around the cell
- creation of lysosomes |
|
|
Term
| what is the function centrioles? |
|
Definition
| - help to organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division |
|
|
Term
| what are centrioles composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of lysosomes? |
|
Definition
| contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion & disposal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- "powerhouse of the cell"
- can reproduce |
|
|
Term
| function of mitochondria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can mitochondria reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is mitochondria a site for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F
Mitochondria have their own DNA and RNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are plastids found? |
|
Definition
| Found only in photosynthetic eukaryotes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the major organelles founds in the cells of plants and algae |
|
|
Term
T or F
plastids do no have their own DNA and RNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of chloroplasts? |
|
Definition
| - carry out photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| What organelle contains green pigment called chlorophyl? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of chromoplasts? |
|
Definition
| - synthesis and storage of pigments (red, orange, yellow) |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of amyloplasts? |
|
Definition
| storage of starch for plants |
|
|
Term
| Do plants carry out cell respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - membranous sac of fluid |
|
|
Term
| In what kind of cells are vacuoles most prominent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of vacuoles? |
|
Definition
| - storage of water, amino acids, sugars, ions, or poisonous substances |
|
|
Term
| what is the cytoskeleton? |
|
Definition
| - network of proteins in the form of filaments |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 functions of the cytoskeleton? |
|
Definition
- maintains shape of cell
- helps in movement
- anchors organelles |
|
|
Term
| what is the cytoskeleton made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F
Microtubules are the thinnest of the cytoskeleton fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F
Microfilaments are the thinnest of the cytoskeleton fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What protein makes up microtubules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What protein makes up microfilaments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 organelles is exclusively found in plant cells? |
|
Definition
- chloroplasts
- large central vacuole |
|
|
Term
| what 10 organelles are commonly found in animal cells? |
|
Definition
- nucleus
- mitochondria
- golgi body
- endoplasmic reticulum
- cytoplasm
- centrioles
- lysosomes
- small vacuoles
- cytoskeleton
- ribosomes |
|
|
Term
| basic premise of endosymbiotic theory |
|
Definition
| mitochondria evolved from prokaryotic organisms |
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