fungus inside Macrophages

History of contact with animals

AIDS-defining illness if systemic

Healthy people get pneumonia

Dimorphic fungus

Granulomatous systemic illness

fungus with no yeast form

pneumonia + meningitis with systemic spread

Thermally dimorphic, cigar-shaped

Local ulcer + lymphadenitis

Malassezia furfur

"Spaghetti and Meatball" on KOH prep

Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton

Mold hyphae only

Catalase +

Can cause endocarditis

See "germ tubes" in histology

Catalase + (commonly seen in NADPH oxidase deficiency aka Chronic Granulomatous Disease)

Disseminated disease in immunocompromised

Associated with HCC

Inhaled-->blood-->meninges

Disk-shaped yeast on silver stain

Treat w dapsone, pentamidine

Bloody diarrhea and liver abscess

They eat RBCs

Treat w/ Flagyl or iodoquinol

Treat with nitazoxanide

Cysts on acid-fast stain

Treat with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

Trypanosoma

brucei

gambiense

rhodesiene

Can rearrange genome to evade host defense

Treat blood-borne: Suramin

Treat CNS: Melasoprol

See ring or maltese cross on histology

Treat with quinine or clindamycin

cyclic fevers, HSM, pancytopenia

speckled macrophages

Treat with sodium stibogluconate

pinworm

pyrantel pamoate or -bend-

giant roundworm with giant eggs in feces

Treat with pyrantel pamoate or -bend-

ingested roundworm

Muscle inflammation and periobital edema

Treat with -bend-

skin-->intestine

vomiting, diarrhea, anemia

Treat w ivermectin or -bend-

Skin-->intestines

also Nectator americanus

Treat w pyrantel pamoate or -bend-

Drinking water-->skin

treat with niridazole or prolonged extraction

Worm transmitted by fly

Diethylcarbamazine

Mosquito

Diethylcarbamazine

Granulomas and "viscera larva migrans"

Diethylcarbamazine

Granulomas and fibrosis of liver and spleen

Treat w praziquantel

undercooked crab

hemoptysis

Treat w praziquantel

Gingivostomatosis

nasopharygeal cancer

viral pneumonia in immunocompromised

intranuclear inclusions in keratinocytes and multinulceated ginat cells

Exception to rule: All envelopes are acquired from the cell membrane (it is acquired from nuclear membrane)

Enveloped

Exception to: "All DNA viruses are linear" (partial circular DNA)

Exception to "All dsDNA viruses have infectious naked genome"

Exception to: "All DNA viruses are dsDNA" (-ssDNA)

adults get RA-like features

Exception to: "All DNA viruses are linear" (circular)

BK virus in transplanted organs

Enveloped, large

Exception to: "All DNA viruses are icosehedral.." (it's complex), "...replicate in nucleus..." (replicates in cytoplasm).

Exception to "All dsDNA viruses have infectious naked genome"

Exception to: "All RNA viruses are ssRNA (its dsRNA), have envelopes (its naked) and are one piece (its segmented genome)"

equine enchephalitis

RNA virus

Exception to: "All +ssRNA viruses have icosohedral capsid" (its helical)

Contains neuraminidase and hemaglutinin

antibodies to hemaglutinin promotes humoral immunity

Patients at risk for fatal bacterial superinfection

Contains Fusion Protein that makes respiratory epithelial cells fuse and form miltinucleated giant cells

lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

and encephalitis spread by mice

hemorrhagic fever and pneumonia

Rift Valley fevers,

California encephalitis