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| sensations based on stimulation of receptors in skin |
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| perceptual system that includes- cutaneous senses, proprioception, and kinesthesis |
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| sensing position of body parts; input from muscles,limbs, and tendons;inform brain about relative position of body parts |
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| sense of balance; stand on one leg with eyes closed is harder to balance |
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| sensing position and movement of body parts; if twirl around and arms/legs moving |
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| layer of dead skin cells; outer layer of skin |
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| inner layer of skin containing nerve endings and touch receptors |
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| receptors in skin layers that respond to pressure, stretching, and vibration |
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| 4 types of mechanoreceptors |
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Definition
1. merkel receptor
2.meissner corpuscle
3.ruffini cylinder
4.pacinian corpuscle |
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| disk shaped receptor;located at boundary of epidermis and dermis; perceives fine details |
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| stack of flattened cells; located in dermis; controls force for grasping objects |
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| numerous branching fibers in cylindrical capsule; located in dermis; involved with perception of stretching |
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| layered, onion like capsule that surrounds nerve fiber; located deep in skin; also found in intestines/joints; involved in perception of vibration and fine textures |
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1.temporal(adaptation)-pressure
2.spatial(resolution)-fine details
3.frequency response-vibrations |
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| slowly adapting (SA) fibers |
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Definition
| fire continuously as long as pressure is applied |
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| fibers associated with Merkel receptors |
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| fibers associated with ruffini cylinder |
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| fibers associated with Meissner receptors |
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| fibers associated with Pacinian corpuscle |
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| rapidly adapting (RA) fibers |
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Definition
| fire at onset and offset of stimulation |
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| detail resolution; ability to perceive small ridges/bumps in surface |
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| depends on how fibers fire in response to ridges |
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| Merkel receptor;fires every time it's in contact with ridge; more ridges=more firing |
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| Pacinian corpuscle;does not fire every time it'd exposed to ridges; more ridges= fires a lot; less ridges=fires a lot |
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| ability to perceive slow movement/fast vibrations;depends on how fast fibers fire |
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| SA1 fibers (freq response) |
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Definition
| respond to freq of .3 Hz;pushing/releasing your skin about every 3 sec. |
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| RA2 fiber (freq response) |
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Definition
| Pacinian corpuscle; respond to freq of 500Hz; extreme/rapid vibrations=machinery |
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| meissner receptor(properties) |
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Definition
| respond to fluttering stimuli; slowly changing stimuli on skin; controlling hand grasp;hold/manipulate tools |
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| ruffini receptors (properties) |
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Definition
| grasping large objects like basketball;move fingers on musical instrument to get diff notes |
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| pacinian corpuscle(properties) |
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| respond to rapid vibrations;running fingers over surface |
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| bundles of nerve fibers from skin;enter spinal cord thru dorsal root |
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| large fibers;sense of positions of limbs;touch perception; pathway to brain for peripheral nerves |
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| from thalamus signals travel to |
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| Somatosensory cortex's most sensitive areas |
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| soma cortex's less sensitive area's |
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| lips;highly sensitive;more area in cortex |
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| upper arms;not sensative;less area in cortex |
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