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Topics in American Studies Exam
Topics in American Studies Exam 1
56
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
04/05/2011

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Term
In poetry, a _________ is used to suggest/symbolize abstract levels of meaning by establishing connection to tangible and perceived phenomena
Definition
1) Metaphor
Term
An _________ _________ is a device used to explain/ justify design strategies by establishing a relationship with natural phenomena for example or by being based on abstract constructs i.e. a theme.
Definition
1) Architectural metaphor
Term
The American _________ has been a symbol of agriculture since the Pilgrims built the first examples soon after they arrived to New England in 1620.
Definition
1) Barn
Term
The _________ represents the strength and character of the people who first settled in the "New World."
Definition
1) Barn
Term
_________ _________ often browse collections of images as they design, and the designing frequently involves drawing, copying, tracing, transforming, and incorporating reference forms.
Definition
1) Architectural designers
Term
_________ is to enter a nation or other landmass and try to restructure it into a colony.
Definition
1) Colonization
Term
_________ is the area where a group of people with shared ethnicity, interests, or occupations live.
Definition
1) Colonization
Term
_________ is when you become the most important or influential person or thing in a field of activity.
Definition
1) Colonization
Term
_________ is a belief system that guides one's actions and aspirations.
Definition
1) Rationalism
Term
Picturesque
-An _________ ideal first introduced into English cultural debate in 1782.
-Pictueresque, along with the aesthetic and cultural strands of _________ and _________, was a part of the emerging _________ sensibility of the 18th century.
-Term is explained in terms of its relationship to two other aesthetic ideals: those of _________ and the _________.
Late 18th century _________ rationalist ideas about aestheticism were being challenged by looking at the experiences of beauty and sublimity as being non-rational (instinctual)
-_________ _________ was not just a rational decision - one did not look at a pleasing curved form and decide it was beautiful - rather it was a matter of basic human instinct and came naturally.
Definition
1) Aesthetic
2) Gothic
3) Celticism
4) Romantic
5) Beauty
6) Sublime
7) Enlightenment
8) Aesthetic experience
Term
_________ _________ is the ability to use the architecture language or vocabulary effectively, especially to persuade or influence people.
Definition
1) Architectural rhetoric
Term
"_________ _________" is frequently used to describe the approach of an archtiect; for example, modernism, rationalism, empiricism, minimalism, postmodernism are some of the philosophical directions influencing architecture.
Definition
1) Architectural philosophy
Term
The _________ is an all-rounder who must arbitrate and balance cultural priorities with the harsh realities of finance and technology.
Definition
1) Architect
Term
_________ _________ (French soldier, naturalist, academic) long-discredited theory of evolution, anatomy will be structured according to functions associated with use; for instance, giraffes are taller to reach the leaves of trees.
In _________ evolution the form is altered by the required function.
Definition
1) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
2) Lamarckian
Term
_________ _________ form (variations) precedes function (as determined by selection). Small variations in form allow some parts of the population to function "better: and are therefore more successfully reproductively.
Definition
1) Darwinian evolution
Term
_________ _________ _________ was the battle-cry of modernist architects after the 1930s.
Definition
1) Form follows function
Term
_________ _________ _________ implies that decorative elements, which architects call "ornament" were superfluous in modern buildings.
Definition
1) Form follows function
Term
The design of a _________ is an exercise in creating space, high and wide lofty places for animals, storage, and other agricultural functions.
They are built to be strong and durable with the ability to sustain the rigors of wind, snow, and rough activity.
_________ are functional, laid out to facilitate animal husbandry, feeding, milking, and maintenance.
Definition
1) Barn
2) Barns
Term
What are five design issues architects or farmers often faced in building barns?
Definition
1) Availability of wood
2) Proximity to water
3) Direction of the sun
4) Market value of commodities
5) Experience of its builder
Term
All barns are built with _________ _________ in mind and since these conditions all depend on where the barn sits, no two barns are exactly alike.
Definition
1) Visual aspects
Term
On the exterior, the most notable feature of the Dutch barn is the broad _________ _________, which in early examples, extended low to the ground.
Definition
1) Gable roof
Term
The most distinguishing feature of a band barn was the presence of an _________ or _________, an area where the bran overshoots its foundations.
Definition
1) Overshoot
2) Forebay
Term
_________ _________ were built to patterns developed and popularized by land-gran universities, or sold by Sears, Roebuck and Company, and other mail-order firms.
These barns attest to the owner's tastes, wealth, or unorthodox ideas about agriculture.
All of these barns are also part of the heritage of _________ _________ found throughout the country.
Definition
1) Historic barns
2) Historic barns
Term
Round barns began to include a center _________ when they became regular features on the farm (in the last decades of the nineteenth century).
Definition
1) Silos
Term
The first academic facilities at Rutgers Scientific School were located in _________ _________ Hall at the Queen's Campus.
Definition
1) Van Nest
Term
In _________, Rutgers Scientific school was established on the Queen's Campus.
Definition
1) 1864
Term
In 1865, Rutgers offered courses in _________ at first.
Definition
1) Engineering
Term
In 1905, Rutgers began to offer courses in _________.
Definition
1) Agriculture
Term
In 1866, the _________ _________ was built to inaugurate the new scientific academic program, including:
-Astronomy
-Mathematics
-Land surveying
Definition
1) Schanck observatory
Term
In 1870, _________ _________ was constructed to house the Geology Museum and Chemistry Department.
Definition
1) Geology Hall
Term
In 1889, _________ was constructed as the first facility specifically for agricultural education.
Paid for by the state of NJ, it also housed the NJAES.
Definition
1) New Jersey hall
Term
In 1890, the _________ _________ was developed and originally located in a small brick building at the corner of the College Ave Campus and Hamilton Street.
Definition
1) Ceramics Department
Term
In 1900, the _________ _________ was constructed on the Neilson Campus behind New Jersey Hall
Definition
1) Botany greenhouse
Term
In 1906, the first academic building to be constructed at College Farm was the _________ _________ _________ (Waller Hall).
Definition
1) Short Course building
Term
In 1909, the _________ _________ (Murray Hall) was constructed on Neilson Campus (Voorhees Mall, CAC).
Definition
1) Engineering building
Term
In 1911, the _________ _________ (Milledoler Hall) was constructed on Neilson Campus (Voorhees Mall, CAC)
Definition
1) Chemistry building
Term
In 1911, a brick building behind New Jersey Hall was converted to house the _________ _________.
Definition
1) Entomology Department
Term
In 1911, the first _________ _________ _________ was built at the College Farm, and it remains today as the Meteorology Building on Nichol Avenue.
Definition
1) Poultry Administration Building
Term
In 1914, the _________ _________ was constructed, and was the first of the modern academic structures to be constructed at the College Farm (Martin Hall)
Definition
1) Administration building
Term
In 1920, the _________ _________ (School of Social Work) was constructed on Neilson Campus (Voorhees Mall, CAC)
Definition
1) Ceramics Building
Term
In 1921, the _________ _________ was constructed at the College Farm, and is now known as _________ _________.
Definition
1) Horticulture Building
2) Old Blake
Term
In 1922, the _________ _________ _________ was the second of the three major academic structures to be constructed at the College Farm (Thompson Hall).
Definition
1) Poultry Husbandry Building
Term
"I think, therefor I am." This phrase was said by _________ _________ and marked the beginning of a particular kind of skepticism.
Definition
1) Rene Descartes
Term
_________ developed the argument that spirit and matter are created of entirely different substances: _________ would be the topic of religion, and _________ would be the topic of science, and each would be studied separately.
Definition
1) Descartes
2) Spirit
3) Matter
Term
_________ meant the systematic observation, explanation, and prediction of nature.
_________ meant all things material; _________ meant all things spiritual.
Definition
1) Science
2) Nature
3) Religion
Term
_________ _________ was probably the most influential scientist of the 19th century.
Definition
1) Charles Darwin
Term
_________ taught that life is the product of random forces, random natural forces, material forces.
Definition
1) Darwin
Term
_________ proposed that cultures move through an evolution that begins in a primitive stage with belief in God.
Definition
1) Sociology
Term
"Nothing could be more stultifying, and perhaps more important, nothing is further from the procedure of the scientist than a rigorous tabular progression through the supposed "steps" of the scientific method, with perhaps the further requirement that the student not only memorize but follow his sequence in his attempt to understand natural phenomena."
This statement best summarizes _________ _________.
Definition
1) Scientific education
Term
_________ _________
-Role in natural history museums and education
-Came to the US in 1846 and took a position at Harvard College in geology and zoology in 1847.
-Immediately bean collecting, exchanging, and purchasing specimens
-Within two years he was attracting bright students from entire nation
-Conducted collecting trips to Great Lakes, lower Mississippi, and had assistants and volunteers collecting specimens throughout the US
Definition
1) Louis Agassiz
Term
_________ _________ _________
-in 1853, he arrived at Rutgers as professor of Chemistry and the Natural Sciences
-Study of Geology and Agricultural Science
-Geological survey maps of NJ became a model for US as a whole
-Introduced NJ to scientific agriculture, including natural resources, soils, minerals, water supply, drainage, soil fertility, weather service
-Pioneer of extensions in science and scientific industry
-Instrumental in developing the New Brunswick water system
Definition
1) George Hammel Cook
Term
Van Nest was named for _________ _________ _________, a New York City merchant and devoted trustee of Rutgers College 1823 to 1865.
Definition
1) Abraham Van Nest
Term
_________ revival architecture began in the US with public buildings erected in Philadelphia
Definition
1) Greek
Term
Geological Hal is a two-story structure modeled in an eclectic style featuring _________ and _________ elements.
Definition
1) Gothic
2) Classic
Term
More than any other art, _________ shapes our environment and the way we live.
Definition
1) Architecture
Term
_________ _________ _________
-Early American geologist, botanist, mineralogist, and professor.
-Trained as a physician, graduating from Union College in 1817, and studied medicine and practiced in Schenectady from 1818 to 1819.
-Earliest botanist to live in Missouri, having set up a practice in St. Louis toward the end of 1819. During 1820m he botanized extensively in both Eastern Missouri and adjacent Illinois before returning to New York.
-Published a gazetteer of the mineral and vegetable riches of the two states in 1823.
-Professor of Botany an Chemistry at the Vermont Academy of Medicine, 1826-1832.
-Focused his career on mineralogy and geology.
-Appointed Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy at Rutgers College in at Rutgers College in 1830 (a position held until his death in 1853).
-Van Nest Hall on Rutgers campus was completed in 1848 and became the home of his geological museum and chemical laboratory.
Definition
1) Lewis Caleb Beck
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