Term
| the study of the use of drugs to treat disease |
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Definition
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Term
| What factors can change the effectiveness of drugs? |
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Definition
| age, noncompliance, food-drug interactions, drug-drug interactions, and genetic factors |
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Term
| shows %age of a given population that responds to a specific drug dose |
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Definition
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Term
| shows the number of subjects responding plotted against the log of dose |
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Definition
| cumulative freq. distribution |
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Term
How Does Absorption Differ in Pediatric Patients?
-___ absorption for intramuscular (IM) meds due to...
*much variation in ___
*limited ___ mass
*limited blood ___ |
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Definition
| slower; circulation; muscle; flow |
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Term
How Does Absorption Differ in Pediatric Patients?
-Decreased or increased ___ of oral meds
-faster absorption of ___ meds, can result in toxicity |
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Definition
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Term
| -Kids have to have low ___ content (low PH) until age 3 years. |
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Definition
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Term
What does low acid content mean?
-Reduced absorption for ___ drugs like phenobarbitol… But greater absorption ___ acid drugs like pencillin, erythromycin, and ampicillin |
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Definition
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Term
Babies have less relative surface area and thinner skin…
-What does this mean? It means that topical absorption can be ___ and ___ effects can happen more quickly! |
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Definition
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Term
| Slow or Irregular Peristalsis means that medication may have ___ absorption or that it may take ___ for medication to take effect |
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Definition
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Term
How distribution differs in pediatric patients:
-reduced ability to bind ___ proteins; ___ drug’s action
-distribution depends on amt of ___ or ___ & the drug’s affinity for plasma and tissue protein-binding sites |
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Definition
| plasma; INCREASES; water; fat |
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Term
3 Mechanisms of Distribution:
1. % total body water ___ with age; % total body ___ increases with age
-infants have more body weight that is ___
-So concentrations of drugs like ___ (distributed in water) can be changed |
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Definition
| decreases; fat; water; AMG |
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Term
3 Mechanisms of Distribution:
2. kids have ___ distribution of fat-soluble drugs (due to less body fat, which increases plasma concentrations)
3. kids have ___ protein binding due to lower concentration of proteins (immature liver & reduced production of proteins) |
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Definition
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Term
| The blood-brain barrier in young children is.... |
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Definition
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Term
How metabolism and elimination differs in kids:
-changes in biotransformation & elimination prolong ___-___ & may increase ___
*____: liver enzymes inactivate drugs & help elimination |
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Definition
| half-lives; toxicity; biotransformation |
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Term
How metabolism and elimination differs in kids:
-children < 2 yrs have immature livers so fewer ___ specifically
*___ blood flow
*immature tubular ___ levels
*reduced ___ ___ rates
-kidneys are main path for elimination, but kidneys do not mature until __-__ months of age |
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Definition
enzymes; reduced; secretion; glomerular filtration; 4-12
slide 15 |
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