Term
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Definition
Construction of RNA from DNA. Performed by RNA polymerase. Occurs in three stages:
Initiation
Elongation
Termination |
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Term
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Definition
| Transcription factors recognize and bind to promoter region of gene. RNA polymerase joins to transcription factors which aligns it into place. RNAP separates DNA strands and makes short pieces of RNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| RNAP moves along DNA, extending the transcription bubble and making RNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| RNAP continues 10-35 bases past a termination sequence and in then cut free. |
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Term
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Definition
Does not require primers.
Synthesis in 5' to 3' direction.
Requires three RNAP's:
RNAP I - rRNA
RNAP II - mRNA
RNAP III - tRNA (and rRNA)
Generates non-functional RNA that requires processing. |
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Term
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Definition
5' Cap: Protects against enzymes. Recognition site for ribosomes.
Poly A Tail: Protects against enzymes, signals for transport to cytoplasm.
Introns are removed and RNA is spliced together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cut out introns. Spliceosome pulls RNA together creating an intron loop and snRNP's (small nuclear ribonucleo-proteins) cut out the intron. snRNP's are ribozymes since they are made of RNA but have enzymatic activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poly-adenine tail is added to pre-mRNA and the transcript is now mRNA and can leave the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Untranslated regions that flank the coding segment in mRNA. 5'UTR is after 5' cap and 3' UTR is after Poly-a tail. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defines transcription start site for RNApol. Usually includes TATA box. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Activators bind to enhancer and then enhancer interacts with promoter (DNA bending protein can bend over RNA). |
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