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| Two cells that result from mitosis. |
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| Regulated series of events in mitosis. |
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| Preparation for DNA replication. Growth period. |
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| Final Preparation for cell division. Further growth. |
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| Mitosis and cytokinesis (1 cell becoming 2) occur. Shortest phase. |
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| Confirms that everything is in order for the cell to go into the next phase. Most of the cells in the human body are at the G1 checkpoint (G0 Phase). |
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| Different sets of proteins that are produced during each phase. Cyclins combine with cyclin-dependant kinase (Cdk) to form a Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF). MPF's trigger next phase. |
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| External chemical stimuli that stimulate cell to move out of G0 phase. |
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| PDGF (Platelet Derived Growth Factor) |
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| Stimulates fibroblast division at sites of damage. |
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| Growth factor that stimulates production of red blood cells. Banned in many sports. |
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Anchorage dependance: Cells need to be anchored on something to divide.
Density-dependent inhibition: Cell's will not divide unless there is room. |
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| State of cancerous cells (uncontrolled growth). |
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| Chemicals that cause mutations in the cell cycle regulation genes. |
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| Tumors which remain localized, grow slowly and are easily treated. |
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| Tumors which grow fast, are invasive, and can spread by metastasis. Difficult to treat. |
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| Are composed of chromatin. |
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| Combination of DNA and protein. |
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| Point at which chromatids are attached. |
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| Possessing two of each chromosome (one paternal, one maternal). |
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| Have different alleles of the same genes. |
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| Pair of chromosomes that have different genes (X and Y in males). |
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| Chromosomes condense, spindle forms, nuclear envelop breaks down. |
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| Construct spindle and originate in the centrosome. |
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| Pair of sister chromatids line up at equator of spindle and attach to spindle fibers. |
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| Point on sister chromatids were spindle attaches. |
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| Spindle elongates and fibers shorten, sister chromatids are separated (dynein pull chromosomes down microtubule). |
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| Mitosis - Telophase and Cytokinesis |
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Definition
| New nuclear envelopes form around each group of chromosomes, cytoplasm divides to two cells. |
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In animal cells, cleavage furrow forms and cell "pinches" in half.
In plant cells, vesicles containing cell wall material form a new cell wall in between the 2 nuclei. |
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