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Topic 1, 2, 3
IDSC 2050
31
Business
Undergraduate 2
09/07/2011

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Cards

Term
Computer Literacy
Definition
Knowledge of computer systems and equimpent and the ways they funcion; it stresses equipment and devices (hardware), programs and instructions (software), databases, and telecommunications
Term
Data
Definition
Raw facts, such as an employee number, number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders
Term
Hardware
Definition
Computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities
Term
Information
Definition
A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves
Term
Management Information System (MIS)
Definition
An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to provide routine information to managers and decision makers
Term
Moore's Law
Definition
The power of microprocessor technology doubles and its costs of production fall in half every 18 months 
Term
Networks
Definition
Computers and equipment that are connected in a building around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications
Term
Output
Definition
Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports
Term
Procedures
Definition
The strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using MIS
Term
Processing
Definition
Converting or transforming data into useful information
Term
Software
Definition
The computer programs that govern the operation of the computer
Term
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Definition
An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions
Term
System
Definition

A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish specific goals.

Elements: Inputs

Processing Mechanisms

Outputs

Feedback

Term
Flat Organizational Structure
Definition
An organizational structure with a reduced number of management layers
Term
Organizational Change
Definition
The responses that are necessary for organizations to plan for, implement, and handle change
Term
Organizational Culture
Definition
The major understandings and assumptions for a business, a corporation, or an organization
Term
Reengineering (process redesign)
Definition
The radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve breakthrough in business resluts
Term
Strategic Alliance (Strategic Partnership)
Definition
An agreement between two or more companies that involves the joint production and distribution of goods and services
Term
Technology Diffusion
Definition
A measure of how widely technology is spread throughout the organization
Term
Technology Infusion
Definition
The extent to which technology is deeply integrated into an area or department
Term
Virtual Organizational Structure
Definition
A structure that employs individuals, groups, or complete business units in geographically dispersed areas that can last for a few weeks or years, often requiring telecommunications or internet
Term
Back Office
Definition
Internal organizational functions that normally do not interact with outside entities
Term
Best Practices
Definition
Standard, published operating methods found to produce the best performance and results in a given industry or organization
Term
General Ledger (GL) Centric
Definition
ERP forces all transactions to the general ledger which contains all of the financial accounts of a business
Term
Implementation Approach
Definition
The variety of methods used to install a new system, which may include a full cut-over, phased cut-over, parallel, and many other variations. The approach depends on the project goals, scope, resources and time-frame available, similarity between old and new systems, number of sites to be implemented, degree of functional integration and many other factors
Term
Full Cut-Over (Implementation approach)
Definition
Simultaneous implementation of all system functions
Term
Phased cut-over (Implementation approach)
Definition
Implementing a series of modules or subsystems over different periods of time
Term
Parallel (Implementation approach)
Definition
Simultaneously running both the old and new systems to compare performance and output
Term
Legacy System
Definition
An existing or inherited system used to run significant business functions that will be used as the base for conversion to or integration with a new system. Legacy systems are typically replaced due to technical or functional obsolescence, or because the organization owning the system has been acquired
Term
Order Entry
Definition
Process of accepting and translating what a customer wants into terms used by the vendor
Term
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Definition
Instructions and methods used for a specific process or situation. They document the normal or accepted methodology and help form the basis for conformance evaluation
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