Hydrocodone/APAP

Lorcet®, Lortab®, Norco®, Vicodin®, hycet™, Margesic® H, Maxidone®, Stagesic®, Xodol®, Zamicet®, Zydone®

MOA: APAP: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis to produce the analgesic effects, exact mechanism of action unknown, Hydrocodone: binds to various opioid receptors, producing analgesia and sedation by causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways

Schedule: C-III

Side Effects of Hydrocodone/APAP

Common SE: Lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, psychomotor impairment, rash, pruritis, dependence, tolerance

Serious SE: respiratory depression, hepatotoxicity, abuse, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypersensitivity rxn, anaphylaxis

Lisinopril

Prinivil®, Zestril®

MOA: Competative inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, results in lower levels of angiotensin II which causes an increase in plasma renin activity and a reduction in aldosterone secretion

Side Effects of Lisinopril

Common SE: dizziness, elevated BUN, elevated SCr, headache, diarrhea, hypotension, URI, cough, fatigue, abdominal pain, hyperkalemia, photosensitivity

Serious SE: anaphylactoid rxn, angioedema, renal impairment, renal failure, hepatotoxicity, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, pancreatitis, SJS, SIADH, oligohydramnios, fetal/neonatal harm or death, congenital malformations

Simvastatin

Zocor®

MOA: Acts by competitively inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis

Side Effects of Simvastatin

Common SE: Abdominal pain, constipation, URI symptoms, flatulence, diarrhea, asthenia, myalgia, elevated CK, elevated liver transaminases

Serious SE: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, hypersensitivity rxns, anaphylaxis, angioedema, lupus, polymyalgia rheumatics, dermatomyositis, vasculitis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, photosensitivity, TEN, SJS, interstitial lung dz

Levothyroxine

Levothroid®, Levoxyl®, Synthroid®, Unithroid®

MOA: Synthetic T4; Exerts its metabolic effects through control of DNA transcription and protein synthesis; involved in normal metabolism, growth, and development; promotes gluconeogenesis, increases utilization and mobilization of glycogen stores, and stimulates protein synthesis, increases basal metabolic rate

Side Effects of Levothyroxine

Common SE: palpitations, appetite incr., tachycardia, nervousness, tremor, weight loss, diaphoresis, abdominal cramps, insomnia, fever, headache, alopecia, heat intolerance, menstrual irregularities, nausea, anxiety

Serious SE: arrhythmias, CHF, HTN, angina, pseudotumor cerebri, craniosynostosis, premature epiphyseal closure, seizures

Amoxicillin

Amoxil®, Moxatag®

MOA: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria will eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes while cell wass assembly is arrested

Side Effects of Amoxicillin

Common SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, urticaria, eosinophilia, elevated liver transaminases, black hairy tongue, oral candidiasis

Serious SE: hypersensitivity rxn, anaphylaxis, serum sickness-like rxn, erythema multiforme, SJS, TEN, exfoliative dermatitis, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, superinfection, C. diff, hepatotoxicity, interstitial nephritis

Amlodipine besylate

Norvasc®

MOA: Inhibits calcium ion from entering the "slow channels" or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization, producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation; increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina

Side Effects of Amlodipine besylate

Common SE: peripheral edema, headache, fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, nausea, flushing

Serious SE: angina exacerbation, MI, acute hypotension, hepatitis, allergic rxn, erythema multiforme

Azithromycin

AzaSite®, Zithromax®, Zmax®

MOA: Inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis at the chain elongation step; binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit resulting in blockage of transpeptidation

Side Effects of Azithromycin

Common SE: diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, dyspepsia, dizziness, rash, vomiting, anorexia, pruritis

Serious SE: angioedema, anaphylaxis, cholestatic jaundice, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, SJS, TEN, C. diff, QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, myasthenia gravis exacerbation

Alprazolam

Xanax®, Xanax® XR, Niravam®

MOA: Binds to stereospecific benzodiazepine receptors on the postsynaptic GABA neuron at several sites within the central nervous system, including inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal membrane permeable to chloride ions. This shift in chloride ions results in hyperpolarization (a less excitable state) and stabilization

Schedule: C-IV

Side Effects of Alprazolam

Common SE: drowsiness, fatigue, impaired coordination, irritability, amnesia, appetite change, confusion, dysarthria, dizziness, impaired concentration, dry mouth, libido changes, urinary retention, menstrual irregularities, sialorrhea, hypotension, rash, diplopia, elevated LFTs, disinhibition, incontinence

Serious SE: respiratory depression, abuse, seizures, withdrawal with abrupt D/C, seizures, suicidality, tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, paridoxical CNS stimulation, hepatotoxicity

Hydrochlorothiazide

Microzide®

MOA: Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions

Side Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide

Common SE: hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, weakness, muscle cramps, photosensitivity, rash, sexual dysfxn

Serious SE: electrolyte imbalance, arrhythmias, cholestatic jaundice, pancreatitis, anaphylaxis, necrotizing angitis, erythema multiforme, SJS, TEN, photosensitivity, renal failure, interstitial nephritis, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, SLE exacerbation, secondary angle-closure glaucoma

Omeprazole

Prilosec®

MOA: Proton pump inhibitor; suppresses gastric basal and stimulated acid secretion by inhibiting the parietal cell H+/K+ ATP pump

Side Effects of Omeprazole

Common SE: headache, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, flatulence, fever, URI sx

Serious SE: blood dyscrasias, hepatic impairment, SJS, TEN, erythema multiforme, pancreatitis, interstitial nephritis, fractures, hypomagnesmia, atrophic gastritis