Term
| 3 parts of drug experience |
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Definition
Pharmacology: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Characteristics of the drug user: biological and psychological
Environment of drug use |
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Term
| Biological characteristic: genetic sensitivity |
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Definition
| predisposed to have particular reaction to drug (enzymes, genetics) |
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Term
| biological characteristic: gender |
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Definition
| % body fat (females > males); some drugs bond to fat |
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Term
| Biological characteristic: weight |
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Definition
| drug dose, concentration (higher weight=more of drug) |
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Term
| Biological characteristic: age |
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Definition
| children and elderly tend to be more sensitive to drugs |
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Term
| Psychological characteristics: personality |
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Definition
collection of characteristics of how a person thinks, acts, and feels
sensation seeking: personality trait; strong desire/need to experience new things; willing to take risks |
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Term
| Psychological characteristics: addictive personality |
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Definition
feature that is common in people who suffer from drug abuse/addiction (hypothesis)
o Little research to back this up
o Personality aspects do not predate drug use |
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Term
| Psychological characteristics: drug expectancies and beliefs |
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Definition
what you think the drug is going to do
Attitude toward drug (based on person experiences or other people)
Research with alcohol: attitude is nearly as important as biology |
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Term
| Social and environmental factors |
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Definition
Laws
People and place
Setting particularly important for alcohol, marijuana, and hallucinogenic drugs |
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Term
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Definition
repeated use of a drug results in a reduced effect/response to the same amount of drug
Dose effect curve shifts to the right |
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Term
| types of tolerance: dispositional |
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Definition
| increased metabolic rate (body increases ability to excrete drug and maintain homeostasis) |
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Term
| Types of tolerance: functional |
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Definition
| CNS becomes less sensitive to drug’s effects; decrease in behavioral effect as result of regular use |
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Term
| Acute functional tolerance |
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Definition
| as you are taking the drug; as level of drug rises in body effect increases, as drug decreases in body effect decreases |
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Term
| Protracted functional tolerance |
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Definition
| longer term; occurs over course of many drug uses (Nov: drink 3 beers, Jan: drink 6 beers) |
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Term
| Types of tolerance: Behavioral |
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Definition
| learned compensation mechanisms to deal with drug effects |
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Term
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Definition
drugs target specific cell type and alter their functioning so cell compensates for drug use
Changes how it responds to drug
Changes # of receptors
Alters amount of NT released |
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Term
| Drug compensatory reactions and learning |
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Definition
(learned tolerance)
Same color pills (conditioned response; higher tolerance) v. different colored pills (less tolerance) |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of psychopharmacology focused on drug use as an operant or voluntary behavior |
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Term
| Reinforcement and Punishment |
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Definition
| subsequent behaviors being shaped by previous experience |
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Term
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Definition
| consequence of behavior that increases likelihood of the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| consequence of behavior that decreases likelihood of the behavior |
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Term
| operant principles and drug dependence |
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Definition
| continued use of a drug dependent on positive and/or negative reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| add wanted stimulus to increase behavior (more immediate than negative consequences) |
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Term
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Definition
| remove unwanted stimulus to increase behavior |
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Term
| Self-administration study |
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Definition
| subjects give themselves drug and report back → all animals easily trained to take a drug (drug experience is universally good) |
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Term
| Drug discrimination study |
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Definition
| drug state used as a signal (rats must push different buttons for food depending on which drug they are on) |
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Term
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Definition
| effects on behavior of some drug that can be both reinforcing or punishing (button could give food OR shock → determine whether animal will still push button despite neg. effects) |
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Term
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Definition
| harmful? Side effects? Extensive animal testing first, informed consent (voluntary) |
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