Term
| WHich part of the uterus undergoes hypertropy during pregnancy? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Myometrial cells express which excitatory receptors? |
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Definition
| Alpha-1, Oxytocin receptors, Prostaglandin receptors |
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|
Term
| Myometrial cells express which inhibitory receptors? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what things inititate labor in humans? |
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Definition
| elevated cortisol, depressed progesterone, increased oxytocin and PG receptors.... all to increase the frequency and organization of contractions. |
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Term
| What drug is used for induction of labor? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What drugs are used for control of postpartum atony and hemorrhage? |
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Definition
| oxytocin, ergonovine, and misoprostol |
|
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Term
| What drug is used for induction of uterine contractions after c-secton or uterine surgery? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what drugs are used for therapeutic abortion? |
|
Definition
| prostaglandin and Mifepristone |
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Term
| Where are Vasopressin and Oxytocin made? Secreted from? |
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Definition
| They are very similar and are made in the Magnocellular neurons of the Hypothalamus and are secretedf rom the Posterior Pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
| Iv infusion; it is a peptide, so it is not orally active |
|
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Term
| What 3 things does Oxytocin increase? |
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Definition
| electrical activity, strength of contractions, increases organization of contractions |
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Term
| When is the uterus most sensitive/responsive to Oxytocin? |
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Definition
| late gestation because there is upregulation of oxytocin receptors. |
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Term
| When is Oxytocin contraindicated? |
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Definition
| previous uterine surgery, abnormal fetal position, evidence of fetal distres |
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Term
| How is Oxytocin administration started? |
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Definition
| Very slowly because response is very variable among individuals. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| It is very safe because of a very short half life |
|
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Term
| What are side effects of oxytocin and are they common? |
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Definition
| they are very rare: include nausea, fetal trauma, uterine rupture and water intoxication |
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Term
| What is the Water intoxication side effect of Oxytocin due to? |
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Definition
| ADH-like activity of Oxytocin |
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Term
| What are the uses of Ergonovine? |
|
Definition
| prevention of postpartum uterine atony and hemorrhage |
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Term
| What is the onset of Ergonovine and how long does it act? |
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Definition
| rapid onset with prolonged actin |
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|
Term
| what is a PGF2alpha analog? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| How are Prostaglandin analogs given? |
|
Definition
| itraamniotic injection or vaginal supposiotry |
|
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Term
| What 2 drugs are Prostaglandins often used in combo with? |
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Definition
| Mifepristone or Methotrexate |
|
|
Term
| What is the direct action of Prostaglandins? |
|
Definition
| induce contractions, soften the cervix |
|
|
Term
| What are side effects of Prostaglandins? |
|
Definition
| uterine rupture, transient pyrexia, nausea, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| what hormone is bifunctional |
|
Definition
| with efects on the kidney and the vasculature?,ADH/Vasopressin |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of Vasopressin mediated by V1 receptors? |
|
Definition
| Vasculature: causes vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of Vasopressin mediated by V2 receptors? |
|
Definition
| Kidney: water reabsorption |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Vasopressin binding to V1 receptor in the vasculature? |
|
Definition
| PLC- IP3- Ca2+ ionophore---->vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What ist he MOA of Vasopressin binding to V2 receptors in the kidney? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a Vasopressin V1 recetpor-selective agonist? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Terlipressin used for? |
|
Definition
| Treatment of bleeding, esophageal varices, and hemorrhagic shock |
|
|
Term
| What is a Vasopressin V2 receptor-selective agonist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat is Desmopressin used for? |
|
Definition
| Treatment of Diabetes Insipidus, also increases vWF and used for bleeding disorders |
|
|
Term
| How is Desmopressin administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For treatment of esophageal varices |
|
Definition
| how is Terlipressin administered?,topically to the vessels |
|
|
Term
| Which tocolytic class hasnt been used because of its side effects |
|
Definition
| but if preparations were made that lacked the side effects, they would theoretically be great tocolytic agents?,Oxytocin antagonists |
|
|
Term
| Many women respond to ____ and do not need tocolytic agents |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When are tocolytics contraindicated? |
|
Definition
| fetal distress or ruptured membranes |
|
|
Term
| Which tocolytic agent is administered IV |
|
Definition
| is excreted by the kidneys, and reduces excitability of the uterus?,Magnesium Sulfate |
|
|
Term
| Which Ca2+ blockers are used as tocolytics? |
|
Definition
| Verapamil, Nifedipine, and Nicardipine |
|
|
Term
| What are side effects of Magnesium sulfate? |
|
Definition
| respiratory depression, Hypotension, cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
| What are side effects of Calcium channel blockers? |
|
Definition
| Headaches, Hypotension, Tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 beta-2 agonists that are used as tocolytics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are maternal side effects of b-2 agonists used as tocolytic agents? |
|
Definition
| tachycardia, Hyperglycemia, Pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
| What are fetal side effects of beta-2 agonists used as tocolytics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of B-2 agonists used as tocolytics? |
|
Definition
| Gs, AC, cAMP, PKA, phosphorylation of MLCK, decreased sensitivity of Myosin to Ca2+, decreased uterine contraction |
|
|
Term
| What 2 drugs used as tocolytics inhibit synthesis of Prostaglandins and are short term? |
|
Definition
| Indomethacin or COX-2 inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| How ins Indomethacin administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are side effects of Indomethacin/COX2 inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| nausea, diarrhea, allergic rash, oligohydramnios, prematrue closure of ductus arteriosus |
|
|
Term
| what is important to give with Indomethacin? |
|
Definition
| use of synthetic corticosteroid to mature surfactant in lungs |
|
|
Term
| What is not a tocolytic drug |
|
Definition
| but is given to women at high risk of premature delivery (previous miscarriage)?,Progesterone or 17 Hydroxyprogesterone |
|
|
Term
| What is the efficacy of Progesterone/17-Hydroxyprogesterone at preventing premature delivery? |
|
Definition
| reduces incidence by 30% when administered starting at 14-16 weeks gestation |
|
|
Term
| What defines Oligohydramnios? |
|
Definition
| less than 300mL of Amniotic fluid at term |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on average, delay labor by?,48 hrs |
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