Term
| Classic triad and geographical location for coccidioidomycosis |
|
Definition
Fever, Arthralgias and Erythema Nodosum
Arizona
Eosinophilia has also been associated with this disease. |
|
|
Term
branching hyphae
hemoptysis
classically invades compromised hosts or forms balls in lung cavity |
|
Definition
Aspergillus
Aflatoxin found on peanuts, grains
rx: antifungals like amphotericin B |
|
|
Term
wide angle hyphae branching at greater than 90 degrees
illness in diabetics, leukemics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical presentation of candidiasis in a normal vs. compromised host (and how do you treat them) |
|
Definition
Normal: thrush, vaginitis (yeast infection), diaper rash in children
Compromised (esp. AIDS pts): esophagitis, systemic infection
rx: nystatin mouthwash, fluconazole for thrust and esophagitis; amphotericin B for systemic infection |
|
|
Term
| where do you find histoplasmosis geographically, and where does it live in the body? |
|
Definition
Geographically: Ohio and Mississippi River Valley; in bird and bat droppings
Clincally: hides in macrophages |
|
|
Term
| broad based budding yeast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| classically found in rose gardeners and farmers |
|
Definition
| Sporothrix schenckii - systemic mycosis with lymphangitic spread |
|
|
Term
| Captain's wheel budding, found in Latin America |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what serologic results would signal an acute Hep B infection? which would suggest immunization? chronic infection? |
|
Definition
acute Hep B: positive HBsAg (surface antigen), anti-HBcAg IgM (Ab against Hep B core antigen), HBeAg (indicates replication and spread)
Chronic infection: HBsAg, anti-HBcAg IgG, HBeAg and anti-HBeAg (indicates that infection is being controlled by immune system)
Immunization: anti-HBsAg |
|
|
Term
| What do HBV, HCV and HDV have in common? |
|
Definition
blood transmission
chronic carrier state
cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Hep A Clinical Presentation |
|
Definition
Acute hepatitis - jaundice, N/V, GI illness
Commonly seen with summer camps/schools (children) - fecal-oral spread
Self-limited infection |
|
|
Term
| What do HAV and HEV have in common? |
|
Definition
Oral transmission
(no chronic carrier, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| Is Hep D infection preventable? |
|
Definition
| Yes - get the Hep B vaccine; HDV only infects people who are already infected with HBV (causes more severe/fulminant course) |
|
|
Term
| Compare/Contrast HAV and HEV |
|
Definition
Similar clinical presentation - jaundice and GI illness
Same mode of transmission: fecal-oral
HAV has a vaccine available - none for HEV
HEV associated with high mortality in pregnant women |
|
|
Term
| CSF profiles for bacterial, viral and fungal meningitis |
|
Definition
Bacterial: Increased protein, decreased glucose, PMNs, increased opening pressure
Viral: increased/normal protein, normal glucose, lymphocytes, normal pressure
Fungal: increased protein and decreased glucose, lymphocytes, increased pressure |
|
|
Term
gram - diplococci
maltose and glucose fermenting
selective growth on Thayer-Martin agar
polysaccharide capsule |
|
Definition
Neisseria Meningitides
Meningococcemia with petechial rash, fulminant = Waterhouse-Friedrichsen Syndrome
Major cause of meningitis in close quarters
Rx: PCN G, ceftriaxone |
|
|
Term
| most common causes of meningitis in pts ages 6-60 |
|
Definition
neisseria meningitides
enterovirus
strep pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| most common causes of neonatal meningitis |
|
Definition
Group B streptococci
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes |
|
|
Term
gram + rods with tumbling motility
history of unpasturized milk ingestion
catalase + culture |
|
Definition
Listeria monocytogenes
pregnant women, neonates, AIDs pts more at risk for infection
only gram + bacterium with an endotoxin |
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