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thyroid disorders
Patho exam 2
39
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
10/10/2010

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Term
Thyroxin
Definition

 

what hormone; regulates body metabolism, helps to regulate groth and development, CHO, fat and protein metabolism, reproduction, resistance to infection

Term
Thyroxin
Definition
to much of this is dangerous speeding of metabolism, to little is sluggish metabolism
Term
ingestion of iodine and protein, and release of TSH from pituitary which is a negative feedback.
Definition
production of thyroxin depends on what
Term

 

euthyroid

 

Definition
normal thyroid function
Term
goiter
Definition
enlargement of thyroid
Term
simple goiter
Definition
lack of iodine in thyroid
Term
thyroiditis
Definition
inflammation of thyroid
Term
hyperthyroidism
Definition
  • this is an over activty of the thyroid glad
  • hypersecreation of thyroid hormone
  • increased in body metabolism and heat produciton
  • systemic action overactive mania
Term
hypothyroidism
Definition
  • this is an underactivity
  • hyposecretion of thyroid hormone
  • decrease in body metabolism and heat production
  • myxedema-extreme form body metabolism slows to dangerous levels
Term
goiter
Definition

can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe.

lack of iodine in diet

enlargement of the thyroid

this is the most common structural change

belts are -MW NW, great lakes

winter and fall

2X more common in women

Term
Sporadic goiter
Definition
ype of “simple” goiter that may be diffuse (enlarging the whole thyroid gland) or nodular (enlargement caused by nodules, or lumps, on the thyroid.
 
genetic defects

ingestion of nutritional goitrogens, ingestion of medical goitrogens
Term
diagnosis of goiter
Definition

enlarging neck

patient history

lab tests

Term
treatment of goiter
Definition
  • iodine preparation or thyroid hormones
  • watch for thyrotoxicosis
  • sub-total thyroidectomy
  • prevention eat iodized salt

 

Term
Thyroidits
Definition

inflammation of the thyroid

I &D of gland

pacterial infections are rare

Term
Chronic thyoiditis- hashimoto's
Definition

long-term disorder- most common

females 30x more often

females during menopause

autoimmune or genetic

Term
symptoms of Thyroiditis
Definition
symptoms include: painless enlargement of gland, respiratory distress, dysphagia
Term
thyroiditis diagnosis
Definition
Biopsy, and lab tests are done
Term

Thyroiditis

course of disease

Definition

some remit spontaneously

some stay stable for years

hypothroidism and myxedema in 1/3

Term
treatment of thyroiditis
Definition

treatments of this include: reduce size and prevent hypothyroidism

give thyroid to prevent hypo and suppress TSH

steroids

partial thyroidectomy

Term
Thyroid tumors
Definition

this can constitiue 1/3 of thyroid enlargements

benign adenomas most common

benign can transform to malignant (which is spreading of tumor)

symptoms- painless enlargement of gland

Term
Cretinism and myxedema
Definition
what are the two major forms of hypothyroidism?
Term
Cretinism
Definition

this is severe hypothyroid condition of infancy

 

caused may include:

  • inborn error of iodine metabolism
  • servere iodine deficiency in mom
  • congenital absence of thyroid or anatomical malformation
Term
Hallmarks of cretinism
Definition
Dwarfism, developmental delays, thick, dry skin, large protruding tongue, umbilical hernia
Term
treatments of cretinism
Definition
treatments of this include: daily thyroid hormone, even with treatment child may be developmentally delayed
Term
myxedema
Definition

extreme adult form of hypothyroidism

slowed body metabolism

personality changes

generalized interstital edema

Term
etiology- myxedema
Definition
includes: primary hypothyroidism, secondary hypothyroidism, hashimotos
Term
symptoms of myxedema
Definition

symptoms include:

sensitivity to cold

lethargy slowing of mental reactions

dry skin and hair

forgetfulness

depression

weight gain

features become coarse

Term
complications of myxedema
Definition

complications include:

rapid development of CHD,CHF

acute organic psychosis

coma-fatal

Term
treatment- myxedema
Definition
treatments include- medications-thyroid, treat other complications
Term
Hyperthyroidism
Definition
Term
hyperthyroidism
Definition

highly prevalant disease

4X more common in females

20-40 years age

excessive thyroid hormone secreted

Term
graves
Definition

accounts for 85% of thyrotoxicosis

hallmarks include: hyperthroidism, goiter, exopthalmos

 

autoimmune

Term
symptoms of graves
Definition
symptoms include: CNS, C-V, cutaneous, ocular, GI
Term
Diagnosis of graves
Definition
diagnosis include: pt history, symptoms, labs
Term
treatment of gaves
Definition
treatment includes: cutail excessive secretion of thyroid hormone and treat complications, anti-thyroid drug-patients under 18 yours or pregnant, surgery
Term
management of graves
Definition

to manage this it can include:

restful environment, teach to recognize bizarre behavior, diet, weigh

Term
thyroidectomy
Definition

this is the removal of all or part of thyroid gland

 

post-op goals: decrease strain on sutrue line

pain, respiratory assess for complications

Term
thyroidectomy complications
Definition
some complications include- hemorrhage, respirtory obstruction, laryngeal nerve damage, weakness of voice, hypocalcemia, thyroid storm
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