Term
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Definition
| mental processes involvend in acquiring processing and storing knowledge |
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Term
| What is a mental representation? |
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Definition
a structure in our mind that stands for something else, often an idea or image.
Visual and Verbal |
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Term
| Types of Visual Representation? |
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Definition
Visual Imagery-
Mental Rotation |
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Term
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Definition
visual representaions created by the brain after the stimulus is no longer present, like being able to picture what your mom looks like.
Useful for: successful outcomes and creativity. |
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Term
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Definition
process of imagine an object turing in 3D space.
usually takes 2.5 s to determine whether each pair is different or the smae
Males are better at it. |
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Term
| What are verbal representaions? |
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Definition
| thoughts organized and classified by our perception into categories. |
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Term
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Definition
| mental grouping of objects, events, or people. Stored and proccessed in at least 2 ways: concept hierarchy and parallel distributed processing |
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Term
| What is concept hierarchy> |
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Definition
arrangemnt of related concepts in a particular way.
Can be done generally or specifically.
Onion-veggie-plant-living thing |
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Term
| WHat is parallel distrubuted processing? |
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Definition
| a model that proposes that associations between different concepts activate many networks at the same time. Different concepts are activated at different levels depending on strenght of associations. "Has, Can, Is a" describes why they are connected. Web-drawing |
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Term
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Definition
a type of concept that organizes other concepts around what they all share in common.
2 types: well defined and fuzzy |
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Term
| What is a well defined category example? |
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Definition
| Telling ppl to think of a car, most ppl well generally think of the same thing |
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Term
| What is a fuzzy category example? |
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Definition
Telling ppl to think of something "good" most people will not think of the same thing.
Good food, or good person , or a good band. Everyone thinks of something differnet. |
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Term
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Definition
the best-fitting example of a category.
A robin is a good example of a prototype of a bird, not an ostrich. |
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Term
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Definition
the process of drawing inferences or conclusions from principles and evidence. Anytime you use the word "because" you are reasoing.
Two types: inductive and deductive |
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Term
| What is deductive reasoning? |
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Definition
| reasoing from general statements of what is known to specific conclusions. |
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Term
| What is inductive reasoing? |
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Definition
| Reasoning from specific evidence to make a general conclusion |
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Term
What type of reasoning is this:
All dogs have 4 legs
Toto is a dog
Therefore toto has 4 legs |
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Definition
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Term
What type of reasoning is this?
My dog is brown, therfore all dogs are brown. |
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Definition
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Term
What type of reasoning is this?
Vampires hate garlic
Tommy is a vampire.
Therfore, tommy hates garlic |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 problems with inductive reasoning: |
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Definition
| causal inferences and confirmation bias |
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Term
| how do inductive reasoinings have causal inferences? |
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Definition
| judgements about caustation of one thing to another |
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Term
| What are confirmation bias? |
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Definition
| the tendency to selectively attend to info that supports one's general beliefs while ignoring infor or evidence that contradicts one's belief. Everything you see starts to prove what you believe. |
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Term
| Best way to prove a theory: |
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Definition
| is to try and disprove it |
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Term
| What is critical thinking? |
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Definition
| process by which one analyzes evaluates and forms ideas |
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Term
| What is metacognitive thnking? |
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Definition
process includes ability first to think and then to reflect on own thinking
Thinking about your thining |
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Term
| What is rational choice theory? |
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Definition
| humans will make a decision that is most likely to help them acheive their particualr goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| methods for making complex and uncertain decisions and judgemetns. Mental shortcuts. |
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Term
| 2 common types of heuristics: |
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Definition
representative heuristic
availiability heuristic |
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Term
| what is representative heuristic ? |
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Definition
a stratedge to estimate probability on one events based on how typical it is of another event.
Example: More likely to be a professor or truck driver, probability says truck drivers. |
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Term
| What is availiability heuristic? |
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Definition
device used to make decisions based on the ease with which estimates come to mind.
Which is safer, car or plane? |
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