Term
| What vertebrae does the dome of the diaphragm extend to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| superior thoracic aperture |
|
Definition
AKA Thoracic inlet
superior opening of the thoracic cage. Bordered post. by vertebra T1, laterally by 1st pair of ribs and their costal cartilages, and ant. by the superior border of the manubrium.
Allows communication between the thoracic cavity and the neck, head, and upper extremities. |
|
|
Term
| Inferior thoracic aperture |
|
Definition
AKA thoracic outlet
Bordered by T12 (post.), ribs 11 and 12 (posterolaterally), costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 (laterally, forms costal margin), and the xiphisternal joint (ant. - between sternum and xyphoid process). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AKA Costal margins
costal cartilage of ribs 7-10. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| angle between the merger of the two costal arches at the xyphisternal joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In middle of thoracic cavity between the vertebral column (post) to sternum (ant).
Two parts: superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| above the heart and sternal angle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Below the sternal angle to the bottom of diaphragm.
Three parts: anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| between pericardium and sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart, pericardium, and phrenic leash. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between pericardium and vertebral column. Occupied by esophagus, descending aorta, body wall veins, thoracic duct, and vagus nerves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribs 1-7. AKA costae verae. Connect to sternum either directly or through its own costal cartilage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AKA costae spuriae. Ribs 8-10. Attach to costal arch (or margin). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribs 11-12. Costal cartilages of these ribs do not attach to the sternum at all. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AKA caput. 2 facets. Articulates with the same level vertebrae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rib bone between the two facets of the head of the rib. Articulates with the intervertebral disc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between the rib head and the tubercle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Just distal to rib neck. Smooth part has articular surface for transverse process of the vertebra while the lateral portion is for atriculation with the costotransverse ligament. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lateral limit of erector spinae mm. Anterolateral turn of ribs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groove on lower inner margin for intercostal n. and posterior intercostal vessels. AKA costal groove. |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Antebrachium muscles that originate below the medial eqicondyle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior Antebrachium that attach above or below the lateral epicondyle. |
|
Definition
Above: BR, ECRL
Below: EI, EPL, APL, EPB |
|
|
Term
| 1st rib. What it attaches to (and with what). Another name for it. What is the scalene tubercle? |
|
Definition
| Single capital facet attaches to the body of T1 (but not C7). AKA costa prima. Scalene tubercle is attachment site for anterior scalene muscle and separates sulcus for the subclavian v and a. |
|
|
Term
| 2nd rib. Another name and its distinguishing feature. |
|
Definition
| Costa secunda. Distinguished by tuberosity for serratus anterior muscle. |
|
|
Term
| Where do ribs 10-12 articulate to the vertebrae? |
|
Definition
| Each rib articulates to one vertebrae at the pedicle. |
|
|
Term
| Distinguishing feature of ribs 11 and 12. |
|
Definition
| short. w/o neck or tubercle. |
|
|
Term
| Costal cartilage. How does the size of the costal cartilage change along the rib cage? What type of joints are the interchondral joints of ribs 6-9? |
|
Definition
| CC increases in length from rib 1-7, then decreases. The interchondral joints (joints between costal cartilage and the costal margin) are plain synovial joints. |
|
|
Term
| What is an intercostal space? How many are there on each side? Where is the intercostal space the widest? narrowest? When can the size of the intercostal space vary? |
|
Definition
| Space between consecutive ribs. 11 on each side. Widest anterolaterally, narrowest where the costal cartilages attach to the sternum or costal margin. Widen with inspiration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trapezoidal bone of the sternum, most superior component of the sternum. |
|
|
Term
| jugular notch. Another name and location. |
|
Definition
| AKA suprasternal notch. notch in superior surface of manubrium. anterior to jugular venous arch and trachea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immediately lateral to the jugular notch. where the clavicle attaches. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AKA angle of Louis. Angle made by the joining of the manubrium and the body of the sternum (manubriosternal synchondrosis). At T4-5 level. Atriculates with the costa secundum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed from 4 sternebrae. lateral border for costal notches. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at T10 level. serves as the costal notch for the seventh rib. xiphisternal joint indicates inferior limit of mediastinum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incomplete fusion of the fetal sternal plates. |
|
|
Term
| which way do the ribs move to increase the intrathoracic volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vertebral level is fixed during breathing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what angle do you have the highest intrathoracic volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three levels of costal muscles. what is their main function (what happens when they contract?) |
|
Definition
| external intercostal mm, internal intercostal mm, innermost intercostal mm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to internal intercostal mm, but pass over 1 or 2 ribs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inner anterior chest wall; pins down internal thoracic vessels to chest wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep to long back muscles (on post. surface). elevates ribs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fascia covering the pec major mm; also forms bed of the breast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goes from clavicle and covers pec minor; in between pec major and minor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lines the internal surface of the thoracic cage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comes off anterior rami of spinal nerves. Runs along intercostal sulcus between ribs. At mid axial line, branches off into a lateral cutaneous branch and an anterior cutaneous branch. T1-T11. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch off the intercostal n. branches off in intercostal sulcus to run along the superior border of the lower rib. Supplies intercostal muscles and parietal pleura. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch off the intercostal n at the mid axillary line. Pierces internal and external intercostal muscles; divides into anterior and posterior branches. Supplies skin of lateral thoracic and abdominal walls. |
|
|
Term
| anterior cutaneous branch |
|
Definition
| branch of the intercostal n. at the mid axillary line. pierces the muscles and membranes of the intercostal space just lateral to the sternum. breaks into the medial and lateral branches. Supply skin on the anterior aspect of the thorax and abdomen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch of the intercoastal n. feeds the intercostal, subcostal, etc. muscles. |
|
|
Term
| For what intercostal nn is the normal scheme appropriate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distinguishing features of intercostal n 1 |
|
Definition
courses on the internal surface of the first rib instead of along the inferior margin in the costal grooves.
has no lateral or anterior cutaneous branches. |
|
|
Term
| Distinguishing features of intercostal n 2 |
|
Definition
course on internal surface of the second rib instead of along the inferior margin in costal grooves.
gives off large lateral cutaneous branch, the intercostobrachial nerve. this nerve enters the axilla and arm. supplies the skin and subcutaneous tissue of axilla. Communicates with the medial brachial cutaneous nerve. |
|
|
Term
| Distinguishing feature of intercostal n 3 |
|
Definition
| can give rise to large lateral cutaneous branch called intercostobrachial nerve (like 2nd) |
|
|
Term
| Distinguishing feature of intercostal nn 7-11 |
|
Definition
| after giving rise to the lateral cutaneous branch, crosses costal margin posteriorly to supply abdominal skin and muscles. Now called thoracoabdominal nn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branches of the intercostal nn 7-11 after at the mid axillary line. supplies the abdominal skin and muscles. called by this name after it crosses the costal margin. |
|
|
Term
| the intercostal nerve below rib 11 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sources of blood supply in 3rd - 6th intercostal spaces |
|
Definition
| aorta (post) and internal thoracic artery (ant) |
|
|
Term
| Sources of blood supply to 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces |
|
Definition
| supreme intercostal artery (post) and internal thoracic artery (ant) |
|
|
Term
| Sources of blood supply for 7th - 9th intercostal spaces |
|
Definition
| aorta (post) and musculophrenic artery (ant) |
|
|
Term
| Sources of blood supply for 9th - 11th intercostal spaces |
|
Definition
| aorta (post). no anterior blood supply. |
|
|
Term
| posterior intercostal aa. |
|
Definition
comes off aorta or supreme intercostal artery, depending on the intercostal space. supplies the posterior and lateral surfaces and muscles. has a dorsal branch as well as one that runs along the interior intercostal space.
only source of blood supply to 9th - 11th intercostal spaces. |
|
|
Term
| collateral branch of posterior intercostal aa |
|
Definition
| runs on the superior border of the lower rib of the intercostal space and supplies that rib. |
|
|
Term
| lateral cutaneous branch (a) |
|
Definition
| branch off posterior intercostal a. supplies the skin and subcutaneous tissue on the lateral surfaces of the intercostal spaces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch of the internal thoracic or musculophrenic a, depending on which intercostal space. Supplies blood to the internal side of the anterior intercostal space. |
|
|
Term
| perforating cutaneous branches (a) |
|
Definition
| branch off internal thoracic or musculophrenic, depending on which intercostal space. supplies the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the anterior intercostal surface. |
|
|
Term
| nerves that innervate the diaphragm |
|
Definition
| C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive! |
|
|
Term
| three parts of the diaphragm and what they connect to |
|
Definition
sternal part (connects to xiphoid process)
costal part (attaches to ribs or costal cartilage 7-12)
lumbar part (attaches to L1-3) |
|
|
Term
| level of the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| level of the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| level of the foramen for the inferior vena cava of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
