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Definition
| The isotopically weighted average mass of an element in atomic mass units. |
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Definition
| Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
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Definition
| A negatively charged subatomic particle. |
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Definition
| An atom or group of atoms with a net positive or negative charge. |
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Definition
| The process by which an ion forms. |
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Definition
| An alternative form of an element, varying in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. |
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Definition
| A shorthand method for writing valence electron configurations; consists of the atomic symbol and one dot for each valence electron. |
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Definition
| Neutral atomic particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom. |
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Definition
| The small, positively charged core of an atom, containing most of the mass of the atom and composed of protons and neutrons. Also, in eukaryotic cells, the membrane-bound structure containing the chromosomes. |
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Definition
| A process, occuring in plants, algae, and some bacteria, in which the synthesis of carbohydrate is driven by light. |
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Definition
| A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge and a mass of 1.67262311 × 10−27 kg. |
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Definition
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Definition
| The electrons in the valence shell of an atom or ion; electrons beyond those held by the previous noble gas that determine the bonding characteristics of an element. |
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Definition
| The orbitals past the previous noble gas core. |
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Definition
| The smallest unit of an element. |
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Definition
| A type of chemical bond in which electrons are shared between atoms. |
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Definition
| An index of the ability of an atom to attract electrons. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the tendency for positive and negative charges to attract; the branch of physics dealing with the attraction between positive and negative charges. |
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Definition
| A type of bond formed when a partially positive hydrogen atom is attracted to a partially negative atom from another molecule. |
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Definition
| A chemical bond formed when one atom completely transfers one or more electrons to another atom. |
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Definition
| The region where an electron is likely to be found. |
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Definition
| bond intermediate between a covalent bond and an ionic bond; a covalent bond with uneven electron density. |
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Term
| Van der Waals interactions |
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Definition
| Weak interactions between regions of nonpolar molecules, resulting from charge fluctuations within molecules. |
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Definition
| A substance that increases the H3O+ concentration of a solution. |
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Definition
| The clinging of one substance to another. |
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Definition
| a substance that decreases the H3O+ concentration of a solution. |
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Definition
| A substance that helps to maintain a constant pH. |
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Definition
| Intermolecular attraction between molecules of the same compound. |
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Definition
| A cleansing substance that functions by mixing polar and nonpolar molecules together due to its polar and nonpolar ends; an emulsifier. |
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Definition
| A respiratory pigment in the blood involved in oxygen binding and transport. |
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Definition
| An arrangement of water molecules around a charged, or polar, molecule in an aqueous solution. |
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Definition
| A type of bond formed when a partially positive hydrogen atom is attracted to a partially negative atom from another molecule. |
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Definition
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Definition
| The ability of a molecule to attract water because of its polarity. |
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Definition
| The ability of a molecule to repel water because of its nonpolarity. |
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Definition
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Definition
| A unit in chemistry that is equal to 6.023 × 1023 molecules. |
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Definition
| Of a molecule, a state in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativities; a molecule with a net dipole moment of zero or very close to zero. |
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Definition
| pH = − log 10 [H3O+ ]; the negative log of the hydronium ion concentration. |
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Definition
| Relating to or characterized by a dipole, or opposing charges on opposite sides. |
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Definition
| The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. |
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Definition
| A measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid. |
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Definition
| The seasonal process that involves the complete vertical mixing of water within a lake due to temperature changes. |
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon with a hydroxyl (−OH) group attached to a carbon atom that is not a part of an aromatic ring. |
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Definition
| An –NH2 group connected to a carbon atom in an organic molecule. |
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Definition
| A substance that decreases the H3O+ concentration of a solution. |
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Definition
| A functional group consisting of an oxygen that is double-bonded to carbon (–C=O). |
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Term
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Definition
| A functional group consisting of a carbon with a double-bonded oxygen and with a hydroxyl group (often abbreviated –COOH). |
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Definition
| A type of chemical bond in which electrons are shared between atoms. |
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Definition
| A strong covalent bond that forms between sulfhydril groups of two cysteine R groups in a protein. |
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Definition
| An index of the ability of an atom to attract electrons. |
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Definition
| Isomers that are mirror images of each other and are not superimposable. |
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Definition
| A configuration of atoms that are found commonly on organic molecules and that take part in characteristic chemical reactions. |
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Definition
| Molecules that have the same formula but that have atoms arranged differently about a double bond. |
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Definition
| The chemical group consisting of –OH. |
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Definition
| A phosphate surrounded by oxygen atoms. |
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Definition
| Molecules that have the same formula, but whose atoms are arranged differently. |
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Definition
| A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom; –SH. |
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Term
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Definition
| The electrons in the valence shell of an atom or ion; electrons beyond those held by the previous noble gas that determine the bonding characteristics of an element. |
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Term
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Definition
| The orbitals past the previous noble gas core. |
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Definition
| A storage polysaccharide found in plants that consists of a chain of glucose molecules joined together by 1–4 glycosidic linkages and that branch at 1–6 glycosidic linkages. |
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Definition
| A storage polysaccharide found in plants and consisting of a chain of glucose molecules joined together by 1–4 glycosidic linkages. |
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Term
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Definition
| A biological molecule composed of polyhydroxylated aldehydes or ketones with the general formula [C(H2O)]n |
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Definition
| A structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of plants. |
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Definition
| The type of chemical reaction involving the removal of one molecule of water from two molecules to form a covalent bond. Also referred to as dehydration synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of chemical reaction involving the removal of one molecule of water from two molecules to form a covalent bond. Also referred to as a condensation reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A structure made up of of two identical parts (monomers). |
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Definition
| A carbohydrate molecule that is composed of two monosaccharides. |
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Term
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Definition
| A storage polysaccharide found in vertebrates, consisting of a network of glucose polymers joined together by 1-4 glycosidic linkages with regular branch points at 1-6 glycosidic linkages and organized around a peptide core. |
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Term
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Definition
| A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides through a dehydration reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A storage polysaccharide found in plants that consists of a chain of glucose molecules joined together by 1–4 glycosidic linkages and that branch at 1–6 glycosidic linkages. |
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Term
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Definition
| A structural polysaccharide that acts like a glue in the cell walls of plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| A six-carbon monosaccharide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical reaction in which a covalent bond is broken by the addition of the proton and hydroxyl ion of a lysed water molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical group consisting of –OH. |
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Definition
| An accessory organ in vertebrates that produces bile and performs several metabolic functions. |
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Definition
| The enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide maltose. |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule that combines with others to form a polymer. |
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Term
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Definition
| A simple carbohydrate that cannot be further broken down into simpler carbohydrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of polysaccharide that is found in connective tissue, joint lubricants, and in the vitreous humor of the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| A structural polysaccharide that functions like a glue in the cell walls of plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| A five-carbon monosaccharide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule made up of individual subunits bonded together to make one long chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharides. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fluid secreted by salivary glands that aids in swallowing and the digestion of carbohydrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| A digestive enzyme that breaks down starch and glycogen into smaller polysaccharides and disaccharides. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of glands that secrete saliva into the mouth. |
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Definition
| The enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide sucrose. |
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Term
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Definition
| A three-carbon monosaccharide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nitrogen-containing base that occurs in DNA, ATP, and other molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| The substance produced by the liver that aids in the digestion of fats. |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of chemical reaction involving the removal of one molecule of water from two molecules to form a covalent bond. Also referred to as dehydration synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of chemical reaction involving the removal of one molecule of water from two molecules to form a covalent bond. Also referred to as a condensation reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cyclic, five-carbon monosaccharide that is a component of the nucleotides that make up DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| deoxyribonucleic acid; A double stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule that determines the structure of proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of bond found in triglycerides and phospholipids where the fatty acid is linked to glycerol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of bond found in triglycerides and phospholipids where the fatty acid is linked to glycerol. |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule composed of glycerol and one, two, or three fatty acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon chain that has a carboxylic acid group attached to one end. |
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Term
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Definition
| (C3H8O3) A three-carbon molecule containing one –OH group on each of the carbons. Glycerol is a building block of triglycerides and phospholipids. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nitrogen-containing base that occurs in DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A class of biological molecules that are nonpolar and thus do not readily mix with water |
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Term
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Definition
| A double layer of phospholipids which form the plasma membrane of a cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The generic name of one of several molecules that may serve as a component of a nucleotide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A biological molecule such as DNA, RNA, or ATP composed of one or more sugar molecules, one or more phosphoric acid molecules, and one or more organic nitrogen bases. |
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Term
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Definition
| The building block of a nucleic acid. It consists of a five carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. |
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Term
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Definition
| A phosphate surrounded by oxygen atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The main structural molecule of the cell membrane consisting of glycerol bonded to two fatty acid “tails” and a charged phosphate “head.” |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of nitrogenous bases that consists of two fused carbon and nitrogen rings and that includes adenine and guanine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of nitrogenous bases that consist of a single carbon and nitrogen ring and that includes cytosine, thymine, and uracil. |
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Definition
| The process by which energy stored in the bonds in glucose is captured and stored in the form of ATP. |
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Term
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Definition
| A five-carbon monosaccharide that is a component of the nucleotides that make up RNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| ribonucleic acid; A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule invoved in translating DNA into proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fat whose fatty acid chains have no double bonds. |
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Definition
| A fatty acid without carbon-carbon double bonds. |
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Definition
| A class of lipids that are all composed of four fused carbon rings. |
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Definition
| A nitrogen-containing base that occurs in DNA. |
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Definition
| Lipids made up of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fat whose fatty acid chains have one or more double bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fatty acid that has double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain. |
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Definition
| a pyrimidine base that is unique to RNA |
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Term
| Need to do 2.7 proteins tomorrow. |
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Definition
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