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| activity that is involved in the understanding, processing, and communicating of information. |
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| Move from a given state to a desired goal state and Move towards a solution in a series of steps |
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| Arrive at the solution to a problem when not even consciously working on the problem |
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| Respond to a new problem with an approach that has been successful in the past |
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| Tendency to think of an object as being useful only for the function the object is usually used for |
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| The use of information to reach conclusions |
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| The conclusion is true if the premises are true (general statement-reason down to specifics that fit/support that statement) |
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| The conclusion is sometimes wrong even when premises are correct (reason from individual cases to reach general conclusion) |
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| The mental process resulting in selecting a course of action among several alternatives |
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| Way in which wording effects decision making (Advertisements) thin food is not as appetizing as light food |
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| Active system which receives, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers information |
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| Initial recording of information that enters through your senses |
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| Holds small amounts of information for relatively brief period of time |
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| Controls what information moves to short term memory |
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| Lasting storehouse for meaningful information/limitless storage capacity |
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| Continued responses, actions that are automatic like riding a bike or typing |
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| Basic factual knowledge like months of the year and days of the week |
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| Times, places, personal experiences, and life events |
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• State of feeling (in response to situations and motivate behavior)
• Emotions have biological, cognitive, and behavioral components |
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• Can visibly portray emotions
• Are probably inborn because they are the same around the world |
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| Theory of Emotion 1: The Opponent-Process Theory (Richard Solomon) |
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• Emotions come in pairs to maintain balance
• Extreme happiness (opposite) extreme sadness |
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| Theory of Emotion 2: The Commonsense Approach |
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| • Interprets situation, interprets triggers (body sensation), triggers emotions which triggers behavior |
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| Theory of Emotion 3: James-Lange Theory |
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• Peoples emotions follow not cause behavior
• Emotions lead to instinctive body reactions
• People change feelings by changing behavior |
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| Motivation: Instinct Theory (James and McDougall) |
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| • Human behavior is instinctive because instincts foster survival and social behavior (behavior not learned but born with it) |
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| Drive-Reduction Theory (Clark Hull) |
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• People experience a drive (force that motivates action) arising from a need to reduce an unpleasant tension
• Reduce the tension by reducing the drive (eating to reduce huger drive or working to reduce money drive) |
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| Humanistic Theory (Maslow) |
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• Motivated by the conscious desire for personal growth and artistic fulfillment
• People are willing to tolerate tensions in order to achieve self-actualization: Fulfillment of potential
• Hierarchy of needs |
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| Cultural experiences and factors influence the behavior people choose to use to satisfy inborn basic drives (the food chosen is shaped by culture) |
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| Paterns of feelings, motives, and behavior that set people apart from one another |
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| Aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable and that is fixed or unchanged |
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| Hans Eysenck: Introvert & Extrovert |
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• Compared traits according to introversion-extroversion and stable-unstable scale
• Introverts:
-Imaginative, looks inward for ideas and energy
• Extroverts:
-Active and self-expressive, gain energy from interaction with other people |
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