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| Cultural Anthropology (scientific approach) |
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Definition
| The description and explanation of the similarities and differences in thought and behavior among groups of humans |
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| Cultural Anthropology (humanistic approach) |
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| The interpretation and appreciation of other peoples’ ways of life. |
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| Treats information as a test of explanations of cultural phenomena in terms of general principles |
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| Strives to understand, engage with, and sometimes celebrate, defend, evaluate, or protect another way of life rather than to explain it. |
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| a social science involving the study of the social lives of ppl, groups, and societies |
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| Learned, shared understandings among a group of people about how to behave and what everything means |
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| A process of acquiring culture that begins in infancy |
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| A particular mix of shared meanings held by a group within a larger society. |
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| One’s identification with or participation in an _____group, can be even more challenging to define. One’s _____y may be multiple, or unclear to oneself, or vary depending upon the social situation. |
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| culturally constructed catagories used to divide humans into separate groups based upon an arbitrary selectionof physical characteristics |
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| Anything to which its users assign meaning. The meaning is given by the culture and may be quite arbitrary. |
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| The culture change in one population that come into contact with another, usually larger and dominant, population. |
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| A description of a culture, by observing what people do, listening to what they say, and examining the objects that they make. From the patterns we observe, we then infer the common understandings that generated them—that is, the culture. |
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| Mechanisms of cultural change: |
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Definition
- Diffusion
- Acculturation
- Independent Invention
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| The change process in which societies are drawn into greater interaction through trade, communications, corporate and bureaucratic structures, and travel. |
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| Measurable differences in interview data based upon the characteristics of the speaker, the listener, and the setting. |
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| Requires researchers to enter the stream of life of the society whose culture they want to understand. |
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| Joining in the daily life of the people as much as possible, to acquire a sense of how things are done, or said and how it all fits together. |
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| The psychosocial symptoms of stress from constant interaction with another culture. |
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| Members of the studied group who provide information about the group and are very knowledgeable individuals who have a knack for explaining their own culture and have good rapport with the fieldworker. |
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| The rule of descent specifying that children are in the kin group of their mother, not their father. |
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| Rule of descent specifying that children are in the kin group of their father, not their mother. |
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| Constructing diagrams of kin relationships. One of the variety of methods that comprise the “toolkit” that fieldworkers draw from when conduction fieldwork. |
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| Analyzing how people use space in social interactions. One of the variety of methods that comprise the “toolkit” that fieldworkers draw from when conduction fieldwork. |
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| Ehtics in Research, Scholarship, toward the Public, Teaching Anthropology |
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Definition
Ethical principles in anthropology:
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• Be open @ who you are and why you’re there
• Avoid harm
• Avoid threatening your informant (safety, dignity, privacy)
• Obtain information with consent |
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• Plans explicitly address ethics
• Do not sully reputation of anthropology
• Preserve opportunities for other fieldworkers
• Publicize findings, share data w/professionals, preserve data |
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| Publicize ourselves and our findings widely, and accurately, bur remain attentive to impcts that publicity have on audience and people we’re reporting on. |
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| Ethics in Teaching Antropology: |
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| Impress upon students the ethical challenges involved |
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Definition
- The goal of this naturalistic _______ is to write an ethnography, or description of the culture, based upon what the observer saw and heard when people were being themselves.
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| Mechanism of cultural change. Borrowing of cultural traits between societies, either directly or through intermediaries |
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| Type of diffusion mechanism of cultural change. |
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Type of diffusion mechanism of cultral change.
Impose culture on another group |
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| Middleman transfers culture from one group to another. |
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| Process of culture change, usually selective and partial, and sometimes forced, in one population that has come into contact with another. |
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| Development of some cultural trait or pattern in separate cultures as a result of comparable needs with cirmcumstances. |
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| Study of human kind, past and presence |
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| Culture, Biological, Linguistic , Archaeology |
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| Anthropology : The four field approach |
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| a group within a society that maintains a subculture based on religion, language, common origin, or ancestral traditions |
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| a concept model of reality created and shared by a group |
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