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| ability to set goals, monitor progess, manage time, etc. |
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| predicing how a future outcome with make you feel |
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| specify the when, where, how a goal is accomplished |
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| imagine going through the process of achieving the goal (not the end point, imagine the processes) |
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| reward/punishment plan for goals |
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| knowledge and control of cognitive processes (knowledge of knowledge) |
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| the more you know about something, the easier it is to learn new knowledge about it |
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| to build unified knowledge about an area, NOT TO LEARN ISOLATED FACTS |
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| Key variable for practice |
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| distribution of practice is more important thatn amnount of practice (space it out) |
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| recalling and feedback (testing) is much more affective than re-studying material |
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| active learning, requires conscious thought and effect, and you remember it better |
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| being able to apply a concept you have learned, to something entirely different |
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| benefits of working in groups |
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| intellectual stimulation, learning from others, building on ideas, acceptance of solutions |
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| drawbacks of working in teams |
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| conformity pressure, hiddne agendas, wasted time, frustration |
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| on time, honest, listen, build on idea, setting goals, distributing work evenly |
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| negative attitudes, personal attacks, jumping topics, withdrawing, bored, revenge? |
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| schedules and conducts meetings, identifies goals, distributes and follows agenda, clarifies, keeps group on task |
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| notes hindering behaviors, encourages full participations, evaluates team process, discusses with faciliatator after meetings |
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| someone who consistently achieves very high levels of performance in a certain domain |
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1. the amount of domain relevant information experts can hold in working memeory 2. experts classify problems differently 3. experts organize their knowledge differently |
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| how long does it take to be an expect |
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| expert vs an experiences non expert? |
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| Problem solving vs problem reduction |
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| intended to improve performance, focuses beyond current level, effortful and attention demanding, repeated, feedback is necessary |
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| assess performance, reflect on feedback, make decison, practice skill (test, analyse, new hypothesis, hypothesis) |
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focuses on performance, not the person specific, delivered soon after performance, is reflected upon |
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| description, prediction, understaind, control |
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| why is science self correcting |
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| replication of experimental results, must put theories to the test |
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| results can generalize to other populations |
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| sometimes we help bring aout what we expect in an experiment |
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| looking for confirming evidence, and ignoring disconfirming evidence |
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| people may act differently just because they are being tested |
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| the mind and brain are made of different substances, but interact (one is physical and one non physical |
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| only one kind of substance, the mind is a result of brain activity, the brain enables the mind |
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| cognition, emotion, motivation |
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| cognitive neuriopsychology |
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| focus on brain damged individual and the changes in cognition and behavior that result |
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| medical discipline with a focus on pathology and medical intervention |
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| how the brain leads to cognition and behavior, typically use group studies |
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| effect of selective damage to a particular neuron or circuit (can make temp lesions from study) |
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| electroencephalogram - reflects global activity |
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| event related potentiall - links activity to a particular stimulus even or response |
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anatomy of brain CT and MIR |
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| extending branches that connect one neuron to communication with another |
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| the stem of the cell, directs the impulse |
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| auditory processing, language, aspect of visual recognition |
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| somatosensory processing, motor processing, visual processing |
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| executive - planning, reasoning, and organizing behavior. includes working memory and motor control. |
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| communication between hemispheres |
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| memory and emotional reactions |
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| short-term memory, spatial navigation |
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| Easy Problem of Consciousness |
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| how are pschylogical states implemented in the brain? explanation of cognitive functions |
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| Hard Problem of Consciousness |
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| where to feelings come from? Regarding pain, WHY does it hurt? |
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| Specialized Visual Detectors |
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Definition
Edge Detectors Moving Contrast Detectors Dimming Detectors Convex Edge Detectors |
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| Sensory or subjective magnitude grows in proportion to the physical intensity, but NOT the same for each type of stimulus |
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| repeated stimuli are turned out |
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-face blindness - problem in the fusifoirm gyrus - left hemisphere |
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| color blindness (complete - only see in black and white) |
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| ignore the left side of the world, due to problem with the right hemisphere of the brain |
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| 4 neuroaesthetic laws of Ramachandran |
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Definition
1. Peak Shift 2. Grouping 3. contrast 4. Isolation |
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| a mixing of senses (seeing colors as a certain color, or a note as a certain color) |
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| Lower vs. Higher synesthesia |
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the crosswiring is "higher up"?
Higher - days of the week are a certain color Lower - numbers are a certain color |
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| Where does synesthesia happen? |
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1. Continuity 2. Unity 3. Ownership 4. Free will 5. Reflection (aware of self) |
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| TWO COMPONENTS of attention |
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| because do not notice changes unless your attention is drawn to it |
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| an interruption may cause you to skip a step |
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| preform the action on the wrong action |
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| associative-activation error |
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| the wrong automatic routine |
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| may be insufficient to carry it through to completion - "why did I come in here?" |
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