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Definition
| Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
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| Mental image or best example of a category; matching new items to a prototype is a quick and easy method of sorting items into categories |
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| Methodical or logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem |
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Definition
| Simple thinking strategy that allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; more error-prone than algorithms |
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Definition
| Sudden and novel realization of a solution to a problem |
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Definition
| Tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |
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Definition
| Inability to see a problem from a new perspective |
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Definition
| Tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way which has been successful in the past |
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Definition
| Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions |
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Term
| Representativeness Heuristic |
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Definition
| Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information |
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Term
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Definition
| Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availibity in memory; if instances come to mind, we presume such events are common |
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Definition
| Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |
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Definition
| Effortless, immediate feeling or thought |
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| The way an issue is posed, which can significantly affect how we perceive that issue |
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Definition
| Spoken, written, or signed words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest distinctive sound unit |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest unit that carries meaning; ie. a prefix or suffix |
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Term
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Definition
| System of rules by which we derive meaning |
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Definition
| How words are arranged in a sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| At 4 months, an infant spontaneously utters various sounds unrelated to a specific language |
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Term
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| At 1-2 years, an infant speaks in single words |
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Definition
| At 2 years, a toddler speaks in two word combinations |
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Definition
| At 2 years, a toddler speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Impairment of language, usually caused by danage to the left hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| Area in the left frontal lobe that is involved with speech |
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Term
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Definition
| Area in left temporal lobe that is inolved with language comprehension and expression |
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Term
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Definition
| Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
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