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| the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
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| a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
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| a mental image or best example of a category. |
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| a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. |
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| A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently |
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| a sudden and often novel solution to a problem |
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| moving from a specific set of facts to a general conclusion |
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| follows a premise and corresponding conditional is a truth |
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| one conclusion is inferred from two premises |
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| a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions |
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| the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving. |
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| a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past |
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| the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions |
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| representativeness heuristic |
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| judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes |
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| estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory |
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| the tendency to be more confident than correct |
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| the way an issue is posed. can significantly affect decisions and judgments |
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| the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning |
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| clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |
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| our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning |
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| the smallest distinctive sound unit |
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Term
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| the smallest unit that carries meaning |
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| a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others |
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| rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language |
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| the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences |
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| 4 months on, when the infant utters spontaneous, various sounds unrelated to the household language |
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| the stage in speech, ages one to two, in which the child speaks mostly in single words |
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| two-word statements. ages two and up |
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| using nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words |
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| Language learned through associations, reinforcement, imitation. |
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| language acquisition device |
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| a sort of switch box that turns on or off for us to understand and produce language. |
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| language determines the way we think. we can only talk about things we can readily describe with words |
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| Bilingual children are better able to inhibit their attention to irrelevant information. also increased word power |
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| contended that language influences the way we think. |
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| Chimps and insight in Africa; more to learning than just conditioning |
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