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| A philosophical system recognizing only that which can be scientifically verified or which is capable of logical or mathematical proof, and therefore rejecting metaphysics and theism. |
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| A form of positivism, developed by members of the Vienna Circle, which considers that the only meaningful philosophical problems are those which can be solved by logical analysis. Also called logical empiricism. |
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| The branch of knowledge that deals with interpretation, especially of the Bible or literary texts. |
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| The theory that reason rather than experience is the foundation of certainty in knowledge. |
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| The theory that all knowledge is based on experience derived from the senses. Stimulated by the rise of experimental science, it developed in the 17th and 18th centuries, expounded in particular by John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume. |
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