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| process occurring at constant temperature |
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| process occurring at constant pressure |
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| process occurring at constant volume |
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| System exchanges no heat (Q = 0) |
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| integral from V1 to V2 of (p(V)dV) |
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| defined by pV^n = constant |
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| Which direction does heat move? |
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| How to write the integral from 1 to 2 of dQ |
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| transfer of energy from hot to cold (through surface) Q dot = -kA dT/dx |
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| energy transmitted through radioactive waves Q dot = ϵσ |
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| energy transfer between solid surface and gas or liquid |
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| n (thermal efficiency) for power cycles |
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| Wnet / Qin = (Qin - Qout)/Qin |
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| produce W out - engine, power plant |
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| transfer energy from low T to high T |
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| Performance coefficient refrigeration |
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| B = Qin / Wcyc = Qin / (Qout - Qin) |
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| Performance coefficient heat pump |
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| alpha on its side = Qout / Wcyc = Qout/(Qout - Qin) |
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| point at the top of the vapor dome. where saturated liquid and saturated vapor states are identical |
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x = m vapor / (m vapor + m liquid)
x = (v - vf) / (vg - vf) |
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| m dot = A * velocity / specific volume |
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| low velocity high pressure to high velocity low pressure (can assume adiabatic if not said) |
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| high velocity low pressure to low velocity high pressure (can assume adiabatic if not said) |
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| want to generate power (W dot out) |
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| what happens in a compressor/pump |
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work is done to increase pressure or temperature (W dot in). pumps used for liquids, compressor used for gas / mixtures
edit: pumps increase pressure only (incompressible liquids so no delta T), compressors increase temp and pressure by pv=nrt relationship |
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| pressure drop between inlet and outlet. hi = he. if valve assume throttling process. |
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A property whose value for an overall system is the sum of its values for the parts into which the system is divided.
A property which depends on size of system (mass, volume, U) |
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| A property where value is independent of the size of extent of a system and may vary from place to place within the system at any moment |
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