Term
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Definition
| always burns easily, never tans; red-haired, freckled |
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Term
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Definition
| always burns easily, tans minimally; fair-skinned, blue-eyed |
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Term
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Definition
| burns moderatetly, tans gradually; darker Caucasian |
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Term
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Definition
| burns minimally, always tans well; Mediterranean |
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Term
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Definition
| rarely burns, tans profusely; Middle-Eastern, Latin American, light-skinned African American |
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Term
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Definition
| never burns, deeply pigmented; dark-skinned African American |
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Term
| UVC (germicidal radiation) |
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Definition
| wavelength: 200-290 nm; little reaches Earth's surface; absorbed by stratum corneum; does not stimulate tanning but can cause some erythema; found in artificial sources such as germicidal lamps |
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Term
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Definition
| Wavelength: 290-320 nm; routinely reaches earth's surface; stimulates epidermal hyperplasia & shifts melanin up through skin; most active for producing sunburn; induces skin cancer, wrinkling, elastosis, collagen damage, DNA destruction, & vitamin D3 synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| wavelength: 320-400 nm; routinely reaches earth's surface; penetrates deep into skin having greater effect on dermis; increases total amount of melanin in basal layer; generates tan without erythematous burn; predominantly emitted from tanning beds; induces sagging of skin, thickening of dermis & epidermis, increased elastase activity, suppression of immune system, DNA destruction |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st degree superficial burn involving mild erythema with possible tenderness, pain, & edema; severe: 2nd degree burn, vesicles, fever, chills, weakness, & shock; involves: histamine, lysosomal enzymes, kinins, prostaglandins; UV radiation penetrates epidermis & stimulates mediators to produce peripheral vasodilation, resulting in inflammatory rxn which causes swelling of endothelium & leakage of RBCs from capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| an acquired darkening in response to UV radiation; produced when UVR stimulates melanocytes to generate more melanin & oxidize existing melanin in epidermis; serves as protective mechanism through development of more melanin which minimally protects skin against further damage from UV radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| most common skin cancer; affects all age groups; grows moderately rapidly & spreads locally; develops in basal layer of skin; most common sites: head & neck; Appearance: small, shiny papule or nodule that is red, pink, or white |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd most common skin cancer; very slow growing, but has potential to metastasize; develops in higher levels of epidermis, resembles squamous cells; Most common sites: face, ears, neck, lips, & backs of hands; Appearance: red scaling papules or plaques |
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Term
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Definition
| less common but greatest potential for mortality; malignant tumor that originates in melanocytes; most common sites: trunk (in men), legs (in women), & upper back (in both); Appearance: dark colored macule or papule |
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Term
| Risk Factors for Skin Cancer |
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Definition
| excessive sun exposure/visits to tanning booths; fair skin burns easily; nevi (mole or birth mark) in large #s or large sizes; family history of melanoma; previous history of skin cancer; geographic location; severe sunburns as a child |
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Term
| ABCDs of Melanoma Screening |
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Definition
| Assymetry - one half doesn't match other half; Border irregularity - edges are ragged, notched, or blurred; Color variance - pigmentation is not uniform; Diameter - width greater than 6 mm |
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Term
| Warning Signs of Skin Cancer |
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Definition
| open sore, wart-like growth, or scaly pathc that bleeds, oozes, or crusts & remains open for 3 or more wks; reddish patch or irritated area frequently occurring on chest, shoulders, arms or legs; shiny bump or nodule that is pearly or translucent & is often pink, red, or white; pink growth with a slightly elevated roller boarder & a crusted indentation; scar-like area which is white, yellow, or waxy & has poorly defined borders |
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Term
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Definition
| provides protection against sunburn, freckling, uneven colorations, & development of skin cancer; when applied properly, it can block most of the sun's harmful UV rays; degree of protection is related to sun protection factor (SPF) & substantivity of it |
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Term
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Definition
| measures length of time a product protects against skin reddening from UVB compared to how long skin takes to redden without protection; calculated by: (MED of protected skin)/(MED of unprotected skin); ranges from 2 to 50+ |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of sunscreen product to remain effective during prolonged exercise, sweating, & swimming; function of active sunscreen, the vehicle, or both; cream-based vehicles appear more resistant to removal by water than alcohol-based sunscreens |
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Term
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Definition
| retains its SPF for at least 40 min of continuous water exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| retains its sun protection for at leasat 80 min or continuous water exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| aminobenzoic acid & derivatives; anthranilates; benzophenones; cinnamates; dibenzoylmethane derivatives; salicylates |
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Term
| Aminobenzoic acid & derivatives |
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Definition
| commonly found as PABA; used to be most widely used sunscreen agent but has been replaced by others; can stain clothing & cause stinging & drying of skin; allergic rxns |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly found as menthyl antranilates; weak UV sunscreen with maximal coverage in UVA range; often found in combo with other sunscreen agents |
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Term
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Definition
| primarily absorbs UVB radiation but may absorb up to 60% of UVA radiation; often found in combo with other products; good option if looking for wider spectrum of coverage |
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Term
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Definition
| absorbs UVB radiation but only small amounts of UVA; does not adhere well to skin & must rely on vehicle for substantivity |
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Term
| dibenzoylmethane derivatives |
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Definition
| effective throughout entire UVA range; good option for pts who frequent tanning booths |
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Term
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Definition
| absorbs only UVB radiation; weak sunscreen that must be used in high concentrations; does not adhere well to skin & is easily removed by perspiration or swimming; may be a good option for pts allergic to PABA |
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Term
| Physical Sunscreens [Zinc oxide, titanium oxide] |
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Definition
| reflect & scatter UVR rather than aborb it; thick, opaque substances; block UVA & UVB radiation; used on small & prominently exposed areas; effectiveness is related to thickness; Disadvantages: discoloration of clothing, may occlude skin |
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Term
| Dosage & Administration of Sunscreens |
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Definition
| chemical substances should be applied 15-30 min before sun exposure; apply liberally to all exosed areas of body & reapply as often as label recommends for max effictiveness; adult body can be completely covered with less than 1 oz of sunscreen |
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Term
| Product Selection Guidelines |
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Definition
| Determine: intended use of product & specific pt factors; the higher SPF, the greater protection the sunscreen; FDA recommends use of at least SPF 15 or higher sunscreen |
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