Term
| For Pneumonia, blood cultures should be performed within how many hours prior to or after hospital arrival for ICU patients? |
|
Definition
| 24 hrs and before 1st antibiotic received in hospital |
|
|
Term
| For Pneumonia, when should patients receive antibiotics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For Pneumonia, which types of vaccinations should the patient receive if indicated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When should patients receive antibiotics prior to surgery?
When should the antibiotic be dc'd? |
|
Definition
Pts should receive abx within 1 hour prior to surgery
Dc antibiotic within 24 hrs after surgery |
|
|
Term
| Which type of abx is more effective in preventing infections in surgical patients: short duration or long duration? |
|
Definition
| Both are equally effective |
|
|
Term
| Which type of abx is more likely to cause development of resistance in surgical patients: short duration or long duration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common bacteria at surgical sites |
|
Definition
- S. aureus
- Coagulate negative Staphylococci
- Enterococci
- E. coli
- P. aeruginosa
- With increasing use of broad spectrum abx, Candida spp. and MRSA are becoming prevalent causes of SSI
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Staphylococcus
- Enterococcus
- Pseudomonas
- Candida spp.
|
|
|
Term
| Which broad class of bacteria would you want to cover for in surigcal procedures? |
|
Definition
- Typically G+
- S. aureus and S. epidermidis frequently cause SSI
|
|
|
Term
| Which class of Abx are preferred when you need broad spectrum coverage for prophylaxis prior to surgery? |
|
Definition
| First Generation Cephalosporins -- Cefazolin |
|
|
Term
| Which class of Abx are preferred when you need coverage for G- or anaerobic bacteria for prophylaxis prior to surgery? |
|
Definition
- Antianaerobic Cephalosporins
- Cefoxitin, Cefotetan
|
|
|
Term
| Which Abx are preferred for prophylaxis prior to surgery if the patient has a TRUE allergy to penicillin? |
|
Definition
- Clindamycin
- Vancomycin
- Metronidazole
- Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin
|
|
|
Term
| Abx Treatment for Colorectal Surgery |
|
Definition
- PO Neomycin + Erythromycin pre-op (or Metronidazole)
AND
- IV Ampicillin/sulbactam, Cefoxitin, Cefotetan, Ertapenem
OR
- IV Cefazolin (or cefuroxime) + Metronidazole
Beta Lactam Allergic Pts
- Gent. + Metronidazole
- Levofloxacin + Metro
- Clindamycin + Gent or Quinolone or Aztreonam
|
|
|
Term
| Abx Treatment for Hysterectomy |
|
Definition
- Cefazolin x 1 OR
- Ampicillin/Sulbactam x 1 OR
- Cefotetan x 1 OR
Beta Lactam Allergy
- Clindamycin monotherapy OR
- Clindamycin + Gent OR
- FQ or Aztreonam OR
- Metronidazole + Gent or FQ
|
|
|
Term
| Abx Treatment for Head and Neck surgery |
|
Definition
- Cefazolin OR
- Clindamycin x 24hrs
|
|
|
Term
| Abx Treatment for Cardiothoracic surgery |
|
Definition
- Cefazolin or Cefuroxime x 24hr
Beta Lactam Allergy or high MRSA rate:
Vanco or Clindamycin |
|
|
Term
| Abx Treatment for Vascular Surgery |
|
Definition
- Cefazolin x 24hr
- Beta Lactam Allergy or high MRSA rate: Vanco or Clindamycin
|
|
|
Term
| Abx Treatment for Orthopedic Surgery |
|
Definition
- Cefazolin x 24hr
- Beta Lactam Allergy or high MRSA rate: Vanco or Clindamycin
|
|
|
Term
| Abx Treatment for Neurosurgery |
|
Definition
- Cefazolin or Ceftriaxone
- Beta Lactam Allergy or high MRSA rate: Vanco
|
|
|
Term
| Types of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Healthcare Associated Infections |
|
Definition
- MRSA
- VISA/VRSA
- VRE
- ESBLs
- Carbapenemase-Producing G- Bacteria
- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
|
|
|
Term
| Carbapenem-Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria |
|
Definition
- Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producers -- often start as ESBLs
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Acinetobacter baumanii
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
- Burkolderia cepacia
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious (IV)
- Daptomycin
- Linezolid
- Tigecycline
- Quin/Dalf (only effective against E. faecium)
Minor/Step Down (PO)
- Doxycycline
- Nitrofurantoin
- Chloramphenicol
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Carbapenems
- ? FQ
- +/- Aminoglycosides
- TMP/SMX
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Proteus
- Enterobacter
- Klebsiella
- E. coli
|
|
|
Term
| Abx for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase producers |
|
Definition
- Tigecycline
- Polymyxin B (however bad effects on kidneys)
|
|
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