Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Therapeutics ID Santanello
Final Exam - Protozoa and Helminths
32
Chemistry
Graduate
02/16/2010

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Protozoal Overview
Definition
  • Single-Celled Eukaryotes
  • Can replicate intracellularly (Plasmodium spp.) OR extracellularly in intestines (Giardia lamblia), blood (Trypanosoma), urogenital (Trichomonas vaginalis)
  • All protozoa surrounded by a unit membrane similar to cell membrane of all eukaryotes
  • Some have a very thin plasmalemma whereas others have a rigid body wall (flagellates and ciliates) called a pellicle
Term
Targeted Therapy: Entamoeba histolytica
Definition
Metronidazole
Term
Targeted Therapy: Giardia lamblia
Definition
Metronidazole
Term
Targeted Therapy: Toxoplasma gondii
Definition
Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine
Term
Targeted Therapy: Trichomonas vaginalis
Definition
Metronidazole
Term
Metronidazole is first line therapy for:
Definition

Symptomatic Amoebiasis

 

Term
Metronidazole: ADR
Definition
  • Abdominal discomfort
  • Loss of appetite
  • Metallic taste
  • Disulfiram-Like Reaction - wait at least 3 days after cessation of therapy to drink alcohol
Term
Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine is used to treat:
Definition
Toxoplasmosis
Term
Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine: ADR
Definition
  • Black Box Warning: May cause severe dermatologic reactions including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
  • Causes photosensitivity
  • Take with plenty of water to prevent crystallization in the kidneys
  • The drug is a folic acid synthesis inhibitor -- take with Folic Acid
Term
Helminths Overview
Definition
  • Multicellular eukaryotes
  • Most alternate between sexual reproduction in definitive host and asexual in intermediate host or vector
  • Adults don't multiply in hosts but do generate eggs or larvae -- they can do damage and it depends on infective load
Term
Trematode: Classification
Definition
Flukes
Term
Cestodes: Classification
Definition
Tapeworms
Term
4 Examples of Nematodes
Definition

Trichinella spiralis

Necator americanus

Enterobius vermicularis

Ascaris lumbricoides

Term
Structure of Adult Trematode
Definition
  • Outer protective cuticle (tegument)
  • Outer portion of tegument has glycocalyx, a protective zone that inhibits the action of digestive enzymes
  • Some have tegumental spines
  • Layer of muscle below
Term
Targeted Therapy: Tapeworms
Definition
Praziquantel
Term
Targeted Therapy: Flukes
Definition

Praziquantel

 

Term
Targeted Therapy: Trichinella spiralis
Definition
  • Mebendazole
  • Pyrantel pamoate
  • Albendazole
Term

Targeted Therapy: Necator americanus

 

Definition
  • Mebendazole
  • Pyrantel pamoate
  • Albendazole
Term
Targeted Therapy: Enterobius vermicularis
Definition
  • Mebendazole
  • Pyrantel pamoate
  • Albendazole
Term
Targeted Therapy: Ascaris lumbricoides
Definition
  • Mebendazole
  • Pyrantel pamoate
  • Albendazole
Term
Praziquantel: Spectrum of Activity
Definition

Broad spectrum antihelminthic action

 

Term
Praziquantel: Clinical Pearls
Definition
  • Single day treatment, TID
  • CYP450 Metabolism -- possibility for drug interactions
  • Lack of serious toxicity
  • Take with liquid at meals
Term
Mebendazole: MOA
Definition

Inhibits polymerization of tubulin into microtubules of helminths --> depletes glycogen stores --> decrease in ATP

Term
Albendazole: MOA
Definition
Inhibits polymerization of tubulin into microtubules of helminths --> depletes glycogen stores --> decrease in ATP
Term
Albendazole: ADR
Definition
  • Hepatotoxic (caution with liver disease)
  • Poorly absorbed systemically
  • May cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or headache
Term
Pyrantel Pamoate: Clinical Pearls, ADR
Definition
  • The only OTC medicine to treat pinworms
  • Repeat dose in 2 weeks -- only kills the adult pinworms, NOT the eggs -- give again in 2 weeks because the eggs can survive and become adults
  • Caution with liver disease
Term
Examples of Ectoparasites
Definition
Arthropods: Insects (lice, fleas, bedbugs, mosquitoes), or Arachnids (mites, ticks, spiders)
Term
How to ectoparasites damage the host?
Definition
  • Attach to or live on the skin
  • Directly damage the host or indirectly by depositing feces, saliva, or pathogen
  • At the site of the bite, mouthparts may be associated with lymphocytes, eosinophils, macrophages which is a response to what is being deposited (feces, saliva, pathogen)
Term
Arthropods have a _________ exoskeleton
Definition
  • Chitinous exoskeleton (cuticle)
  • The exoskeleton limits growth so periodic molting is required
Term
Permethrin: MOA, Indications
Definition
  • Causes paralysis of the louse or mite
  • Indicated for lice, ticks, mites, and fleas
Term
Lindane: Indications, ADR
Definition
  • Only indicated for patients that have failed first line treatment (permethrin)
  • Black Box Warning: Seizures and deaths with repeat or prolonged application -- should not be given to children who weigh < 110 lbs because it increases risk of neurotoxicity

 

Term
Praziquantel: MOA
Definition
Increases membrane permeability of parasite and increases muscle contractility -- allows us to void the parasite
Supporting users have an ad free experience!