Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Therapeutics Hem/Onc Heighman
Exam 1 Sickle Cell Disease
29
Anthropology
5th Grade
01/07/2011

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sickled Hemoglobin results in:
Definition
  • Red blood cell trapping
  • Impedance of blood flow (obstruction, hypoxia, infarction)
  • Break down of damaged, rigid cells resulting in anemia
Term
Signs/Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease
Definition
  • Chronic pain
  • Anemia
  • Fatigue
  • Pallor
  • Abdominal pain
  • Hematuria
Term
The definitive test used to diagnose sickle cell syndromes is:
Definition
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Term
Major Complications Associated with Sickle Cell Syndromes
Definition
  • Pain crisis
  • Cerebrovascular accident
  • Acute chest syndrome
  • Dactylitis
  • Priapism
  • Splenic sequestration
  • Aplastic crisis
  • Infection
Term
Cerebrovascular accident results in:
Definition
  • Hemiparesis
  • Dysphasia
  • Seizures
Term
Acute chest syndrome: diagnosis
Definition
  • Presence of pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray
Term
Acute chest syndrome: signs/symptoms
Definition
  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Tachypnea
  • Chest pain
  • Hypoxia
Term
Splenic sequestration is characterized by:
Definition
  • Severe anemia
  • Splenomegaly
  • Hypovolemic shock
Term
Splenic Sequestration: Signs/Symptoms
Definition
  • Irritability
  • Unusual sleepiness
  • Looks pale
  • Weakness
  • Fast heart beat
  • Big spleen
  • Pain on left side of abdomen
Term
Presentation of Aplastic Crisis
Definition
  • Fatigue
  • Severe anemia with few reticulocytes
  • Dyspnea
Term
Aplastic Crisis: Signs/Symptoms
Definition
  • Paleness
  • Lethargy
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Low blood count
  • Recent upper respiratory tract infection
  • Fainting
Term
Management of Pain: Pharm, NonPharm
Definition

Nonpharm

  • heating pad
  • whirlpool
  • relaxation techniques

Pharm

  • Hydration
  • Opiate analgesics
  • NSAIDs for bone pain
  • Bowel regimens for opioid-induced constipation (docusate, senna, miralax)
  • Benadryl for opioid-induced itching
Term
MS Contin vs Oxycontin
Definition

MS Contin

  • Peak analgesia: 3-4 hrs
  • Duration of action: 8-12 hrs
  • 24 hr IV morphine X 3 = 24 hr PO dose

Oxycontin

  • Peak analgesia: 2-3 hrs
  • Duration of action: 12 hrs
  • 24 hrs IV morphine X 1.5 = 24 hr PO dose
Term
Most likely pathogens to cause an infection in sickle cell syndrome
Definition
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Salmonella
Term
Antibiotic therapy: treatment
Definition

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxime

Cefuroxime

Do not use Ceftriaxone -- high rate of hemolysis

 

Vancomycin

 

Clindamycin

Term
Antibiotic therapy: prophylaxis
Definition

Penicillin

6mo - 5 yrs

No benefit after 5 yrs

 

Alt Therapies

Erythromycin

TMP/SMX

Term
Antibiotic therapy: Immunizations
Definition
  • Pneumococcal vaccines (pneumovax, prevnar)
  • Influenza vaccine
Term
Transfusion therapy is used in patients with:
Definition
  • Aplastic crisis
  • Sequestration crisis
  • Priapism
  • Acute or suspected CVA
  • Acute chest syndrome
  • Severe symptomatic anemia
Term
Chronic transfusion is used to:
Definition
  • prevent recurrent CVA
  • treat recurrent episodes of acute chest syndrome
  • treat chronic CHF
Term
Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Disease
Definition
  • Hemoglobin A consists of 2 alpha and 2 beta chains
  • Substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the 6th position of the beta chain results in hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin
  • Under certain conditions, such as low oxygen levels, the RBCs with the mutation will sickle
  • These sickled cells can block small vessels producing microvascular occlusions which may cause necrosis of tissue
Term
The leading cause of hospitalization in sickle cell disease patients is:
Definition
pain crisis
Term
The first manifestation of sickle cell disease is usually:
Definition
Dactylitis
Term
Patients at highest risk for splenic sequestration are:
Definition
patients < 5 yrs of age
Term
Treatment of Cerebrovascular Accident
Definition
  • Acute management
  • Chronic transfusion therapy
Term
Treatment of Acute Chest Syndrome
Definition
  • Oxygen
  • IVFs
  • Narcotics
  • Antibiotics
  • Transfusion
Term
Treatment of Dactylitis
Definition
  • Fluids
  • Analgesics
Term
Treatment of Priapism
Definition
  • Analgesics
  • Transfusion
Term
Treatment of Splenic Sequestration
Definition
  • IVFs
  • Transfusion
Term
Treatment of Aplastic Crisis
Definition
  • Supportive care
  • May include transfusion
Supporting users have an ad free experience!