Term
| What does psychological dependancy involve? |
|
Definition
| compulsive use and craving for a drug |
|
|
Term
| What are withdrawal symptoms of alcoholism? |
|
Definition
Delerium Tremens: fever, disorientated, halucinations, disorientation, agitation, tachycardia
Sleep disturbances |
|
|
Term
| What is pharmacotherapy of alcohol withdrawal? |
|
Definition
Diazepam: loading dose technique
Acamprosate, naltrexone, disulfiram
Thiamine: prevent neuropathy, ataxia
Haloperidol: psychotic symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What is used to reverse BNZ effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is acamprosate used in alcoholism? |
|
Definition
| Decreases neuronal hyperexcitability in alcohol withdrawal |
|
|
Term
| Why is naltrexone used in alcoholism? |
|
Definition
Blocks endogenous opioids being released after alcohol consumption
Gives less pleasure from drinking |
|
|
Term
| Why is Disulfiram used in alcoholism? |
|
Definition
Interacts with alcohol metabolism, increasing levels of acetaldehyde
-> flushed face, palpitations, tachycardia, hyperventilation
Used under close supervision |
|
|
Term
| What is the therapy for barbituate withdrawal? |
|
Definition
Phenobarbitone: hourly till sedation
supplementary therapy if symptoms recur |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used in BNZ reduction to improve outcomes? |
|
Definition
| carbamazepine or sodium valproate |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of opioid overdose? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory depression, comatose state, constricted pupils |
|
|
Term
| What is used in opioid overdose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat opioid withdrawal? |
|
Definition
Buprenorphine- partial opioid
Clonidine: control autonomic signs
Diazepam: anxiety, agitation |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat chronic opioid dependance? |
|
Definition
methadone: full agonist
buprenorphine: partial agonist
naltrexone: opioid antagonist (abstinence)
|
|
|
Term
| What is the naloxone challenge test? |
|
Definition
| To check for withdrawal symptoms before starting naltrexone program (committed to abstinence) |
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