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Theory 1
theory test definitions
82
Music
Undergraduate 2
09/14/2013

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Term
Scale
Definition
A system of alternating lines and spaces. It can be ordered from lowest to highest and highest to lowest.
Term
Diatonic scale
Definition
A scale containing only the 7 unaltered pitches.
Term
Letter Names
Definition
The 7 pitches of the diatonic scale. They are: C D E F G A B.
Term
Middle C
Definition
It is the pitch C4 in the middle of the staff.
Term
Staff
Definition
A system consisting of 5 lines and 4 spaces where notes are placed.
Term
Ledger Lines
Definition
Lines that can extend notes above or below the staff.
Term
Clefs
Definition
Clefs are used to indicate which notes correspond to the lines and spaces on the staff.
Term
Treble Cleff
Definition
Also known as G cleff. It shows where pitch G is notated.
Term
Bass Clef
Definition
Also known as F clef. Shows where f is notated.
Term
Alto and Tenor Clef
Definition
They are c clefs.
Term
Grand Staff
Definition
Connects 2 staves by a brace.
Term
Equal temperament
Definition
Divides the octave into twelve equal parts.
Term
Chromatic Scale
Definition
A scale containing 12 equal parts.
Term
Half Step/ Semitone
Definition
Distance between 2 adjacent notes on the chromatic scale.
Term
Dyad
Definition
A pair of pitches
Term
Sharp
Definition
Raises a note by a half step.
Term
Flat
Definition
Lowers a note by a half step.
Term
Natural
Definition
Cancels out any previous accidental.
Term
Double Sharp
Definition
Raises note by a whole step.
Term
Double Flat
Definition
Lowers a note by a whole step.
Term
Enharmonic Spellings
Definition
Shows the different spelling for notes that sound the same but have two different spellings.
Term
Diatonic Half Steps
Definition
A half step spelled using different letter names.
Term
Chromatic Half Step
Definition
A half step spelled using the same letter names.
Term
Interval
Definition
The distance between two pitches.
Term
Harmonic
Definition
Pitches that sound simultaneously.
Term
Melodic
Definition
Pitches that sound one after the other.
Term
Size of interval
Definition
Term determining the distance between intervals such as a 2nd, third or 4th interval and so on.
Term
Quality of an Interval
Definition
Is what determines the type of interval. It will decide if an interval is perfect, augmented, diminished, major and minor.
Term
Ascending and descending
Definition
The interval with the same notes such as C-F will be notated differently depending on if it is going higher or lower on the scale.
Term
Perfect
Definition
Certain intervals with a pure and essential sound.
Term
Major
Definition
An interval which is larger than minor by a half step.
Term
Minor
Definition
And interval which is smaller than major by a half step.
Term
Augmented interval
Definition
It is a half step larger than the corresponding perfect or major interval.
Term
Diminished Interval
Definition
Is a half step smaller than the corresponding perfect or minor interval.
Term
Tritone
Definition
An augmented 4th that consists of 3 whole tones.
Term
Simple Intervals
Definition
Intervals that are no larger than an octave.
Term
Compound Intervals
Definition
Intervals that are larger than an octave. It results from the addition of the simple interval plus an octave.
Term
Inversion
Definition
Two different intervals are possible with any two pitches.  An example would be C-F changing to F-C.
Term
Consonant Interval
Definition
Intervals are consonant if they produce a sense of stability.
Term
Dissonant intervals
Definition
Intervals that create a sense of tension or instability.
Term
Perfect consonances
Definition
The most stable consonances. They are the U, 8ve and P5.
Term
Inperfect Consonances
Definition
Instable consonances. The imperfect consonances are 3rds and 6ths.
Term
Rhythm
Definition
Refers to the grouping, patterning and partitioning of musical events.
Term
Meter
Definition
Refers to the measurement of the number of pulses between reguarly recurring events.
Term
Durational Symbols
Definition
Symbols that express the relative duration of notes.
Term
Note heads
Definition
It is the base and rounded part of the note.
Term
Note Stem
Definition
The straight line connecting to the note head.
Term
Flag
Definition
An addition to the top of the note that expresses a notes such as the 8th and 16th notes. Each added flag changes the duration of the note.
Term
Beam
Definition
Connects two notes together to make one.
Term
Dot
Definition
A dot added to a note increases its duration by half its value.
Term
Double dot
Definition
Increases the duration of the note by 3 quarters of its value.
Term
Pulses
Definition
Reguarly recurring time points in music. It is compared to the heart beat of music.
Term
Beat
Definition
Pulses in a metric context. Regularly reccuring accents that provide a metric frame.
Term
Tempo
Definition
The speed of the beat.
Term
Tempo Markings
Definition
Are used to describe the tempo of a movement or composition.
Term
Compound meters
Definition
Meters that have a triple division.
Term
Simple meters
Definition
Meters that have a duple division.
Term
Measure
Definition
A complete metric unit.
Term
Bar lines
Definition
Are used to indicate measures.
Term
Meter Signature/ Time Signature
Definition
Consists of two numbers written one over the other. Top number explains how many beats in a measure while the bottom number explains which note gets the beat.
Term
Value of the beat
Definition
The bottom number that represents what note gets the beat.
Term
Duple Meter
Definition
Any meter with two beats. (3/4, 3/2, 3/8 )
Term
Triple Meter
Definition
Meter that has 3 beats. (3/4, 3/2, 3/8)
Term
Quadruple Meters/ Common Time
Definition
Meters with 4 beats.
Term
Cut time
Definition
Duple meter in which the half note is the unit of time.
Term
Compund Meter Signatures
Definition
The beat in compound meter signatures is a dotted quarter. 6/8 9/8 12/8
Term
Downbeat
Definition
First beat in a measure.
Term
Metric Accents
Definition
Beats that are naturally more accented than others.
Term
Upbeat
Definition
The last beat in a measure.
Term
Anacrusis
Definition
Is a note or group of notes that begins a melodic phrase on an upbeat.
Term
Anacrusic melody
Definition
Melody which begins on an upbeat.
Term
Syncopation
Definition
Is the rhythmic contradiction of a metrical pattern of strong and weak beats. This occurs when a metrically weak beat or beat division is emphasized by a rhythmic and/or dynamic accent.
Term
Hemiola
Definition
Cosists in the juxtaposition of three and two beats at the metric level. An example of a usual pattern is based on the alternation of 6/8 and 3/4.
Term
Rhythmic Accents
Definition
Accents that result from grouping, note length, a sense of harmonic or tonal arrival, and other nonmetrical factors.
Term
Agogic Accent
Definition
A rhythmic accent produced by the duration of a note that is of a longer duration.
Term
Dynamic accent
Definition
An accent which is created by a dynamic mark.
Term
Tonal Center
Definition
One pitch that seems to be most important.
Term
Tonic
Definition
Pitch that provides a sense of stability, repose and closure.
Term
Range
Definition
The span between the lowest and highest pitches of a melody.
Term
Triad
Definition
Collection of three pitches which include the root, third above the root and a 5th above the root.
Term
Tonal System
Definition
Pitches are organized heirarchically.
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