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| Uncertainty Reduction Theory |
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| Coordinated Management of Meaning |
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| W Barnett Pearce & Vernon Cronen |
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| Expectancy Violation Theory |
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| Social Penetration Theory |
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| Irwin Altman & Dalmas Taylor |
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| impression formation by observing a person interacting with others; part of uncertainty reduction theory |
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| impression formation by asking a third party about a person; part of uncertainty reduction theory |
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| impression formation through face-to-face discussion with a person |
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| a characteristic of a message plan based on the level of detail it provides and the number of contingencies it covers |
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| a set of systematic informed hunches about the way things operate |
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| images or analogies for the concept of theory |
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nets-try to catch the world around us
lenses- doesn't always accurately reflect the world but highlights certain features
maps- maps of the way communication works |
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| the relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response |
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| a record of a messafe that can be analyzed by others; for example, a book, film, photograph or any transcript or recording of a speech |
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| 5 concepts of communication |
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| 1. messages 2. creation of messages 3. interpretation of messages 4. a relational process 5. messages that elicit a response |
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| a scholar who applies the scientific method to describe, predict, and explain recurring forms of human behavior |
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| a scholar who studies the ways in which symbolic forms can be used to identify with people or to persuade them |
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| the assumption that truth is singular and is accessible through unbiased sensory observation; committed to uncovering cause-and-effect relationships |
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| perceived competence and trustworthiness of a speaker or writer that affects how the message is received |
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| a perceived role relationshipe that affects self image and attitudes based on attractiveness of the role model and sustained if the relationship remains salient |
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| the linguistic work of assigning meaning or value to communicative texts; assumes that multiple meanings or truths are possible |
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| burke's dramatistic pentad |
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| a five pronged method of rhetorical criticism to analyze a speaker's persuasive strategy-- act, scene, agent, agency, purpose |
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| study of what it's like to be another person in a specific time and place; assumes there are few important panhuman similarities |
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| the study of the origin, nature, method, and limits of knowledge |
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| the assumption that behavior is caused by heredity and environment |
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| data collected through direct observation |
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| liberation from any form of political, economic, racial, religious, or sexual oppression, empowerment |
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| theory about theory; the stated or inherent assumptions made when creating a theory |
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| rule of parsimony (occam's razor) |
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| given two plausile explanations for the same event, we should accept the simpler version |
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| the requirement that a scientific theory must be stated in such a way that it can be tested and disproved if it is indeed wrong |
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| a research method that manipulates a variable in a tightly controlled situation in order to find out if it has the predicted effect |
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| a research method that manipulates a variable in a tightly controlled situation in order to find out if it has the predicted effect |
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| a research method that uses questionnaires and stuctured interviews to collect self reported data that reflects what respondents think, feel, or intend to do |
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| self-referential imperative |
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| include yourself as a constituent of your own construction |
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| grant others that occur in your construction the same autonomy you practice constructing them |
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| scholars who use theory to reveal unjust communication practices that create or perpetuate an imbalance of power |
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| a research method that describes and interprets the characteristics of any text |
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| a method of participant observation designed to help a researcher experience a culture's complex web of meaning |
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| the study of information processing, feedback, and control in communication systems |
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| the art of using all available means of persuasion focusing upon lines of argument, organization of ideas, language use, and delivery in public speaking |
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| the study of verbal and nonverbal signs that can stand for something else and how their interpretation impacts society |
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| arbitrary words and nonverbal signs that bear no natural connection with the things they descibe their meaning is learned within a given culture |
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| sapir-whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity |
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| the claim that the structure of a language shapes what people think and do; the social construction of reality |
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| entertainment businesses that reproduce the dominant ideology of a culture and distract people from recognizing unjust distribution of power within society |
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| intentional analysis of everyday experience from the standpoint of the person who is living it; explores the possibility of understanding the experience of self and others |
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| an applied approach to knowledge; the philosophy that true understanding of an idea of situation has practical implications for action |
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| ongoing use of language and gestures in anticipation of how the other will react; a conversation |
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| an inner dialogue used to test alternatives, rehearse actions, and anticipate reactions before responding; self-talk |
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| taking the role of the other |
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| the process of mentally imagining that you are someone else who is viewing you |
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| the mental self image that results from taking the role of the other; the objective self; me |
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| the subjective self; the sponateous driving force that fosters all that is novel, unpredicatble, and unorganized in the self |
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| the objective self; the image of self seen when one takes the role of the other |
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| the composite mental image a person has of his or her self ased on societal expectations and responses |
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| a method of adopting the stance of an ignorant yet interested visitor who carefully notes what people say and do in order to discover how they interpret their world |
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| the tendency for our expectations to evoke responses that confirm what we originally anticipated |
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| the self created by the way we respond to others |
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| the reminder that we are responsible to take care of each other I am my brother's keeper |
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| a human signpost that points to our ethical obligation to care for the other before we care for self |
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| an unwanted repetitive communication pattern |
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| conversation in which people speak in a manner that makes others want to listen, and listen in a way that makes others want to speak |
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| language theorists who believe that persons-in-conversation co-construct their own social relaities and are simultaneously shaped by the worlds they create |
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| the process by which the effects of our words and actions on others bounce back and affect us |
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| a rank order of the relative significane of contexts, episode, relationship, identity, and culture-- that encompass a given story as an aid interpretation |
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| any verbal or nonverbal message as part of an interation; the basic building block of the social universe people create; threats, promises, insults |
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| a nounable sequence of speech acts with a beginning and an end that are held together by story; an argumenr, interview, edding |
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| the process by which person collaborate in an attempt to bring into being their vision of what is necessary, noble, and good and to preclude the enactment of what they fear, hate, or despise |
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| cosmopolitan comunication |
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| coordination with others who have different backgrounds, values, and beliefs, without trying to change them |
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| a metaphow of I-Thou living in the dialogic tension between ethicalrelativism and rigid absolutism; standing your own ground while being profoundly open to the other |
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| the invisible, variable volume of space surrounding an individual defines that individual's preferred distance from others |
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| the study of people's use of space as a special elaboration of culture |
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| the hypothetical outer boundary of intimate space; a breach by an univited other occasions fight or flight |
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| a heightened state of awareness orienting response, or mental alertness that stimulates a review of the relationship |
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| what people predict will happen, rather than what they desire |
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| the perceived positive or negative value assigned to a breach of expectation, regardles of who the violator is |
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| communicator reward valence |
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| the sum of positive and negative attributes brought to the encounter plus the potential to reward or punish in the future |
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| interaction adaptation theory |
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| a systematic analysis of how people adjust their approach when another's behavior doesn't mesh with what's needed anticipated or preferred |
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| a person's initial stance toward an interaction as determined by a blend of personal requirements expectations and desires |
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| a strong human tendency to respond to another's action with similar behavior |
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| duty without exception; act only on that maxim which you can will to become a universal law |
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| interpersonal consstructs |
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| the cognitive templates or stencils we fit over social reality to order our impressions of people |
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| Role Category Questionanaire RCQ |
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| a free response survey designed to measure the cognitive complexity of a person's interpersonal perception |
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| the mental ability to distinguish subtle personality and behavior differnces among people |
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| the main component of cognitive complexity as measured by the number of seperate personal constructs used on the RCQ |
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| a tailor made message for a specific individual and context; reflects the communicator's ability to anticipate response and adjust accordingly |
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| sophisticated communication |
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| a person center message that accomplishes multiple goals |
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| a three stage process of goals assessed, plans selected, and tactics enacted |
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| the recollection of an action taken in a specific situation paired with it's consequences; an if-when-then memory |
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| a hypothesis that relationships fare better when parties possess the same level of verbal sophistication |
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| the process of developing deeper intimacy with another person through mutual self-disclosure and other forms of vulnerability |
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| onion like layers of beliefs and feeling about self, others, and the world; deeper layers are more vulnerable protected and central to self image |
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| the voluntary sharing of personal history, preferences, attitudes, feelings, values, secrets, etc. with another person; transparency |
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| the degree of disclosure in a specific area of an individual's life |
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| a paced and orderly process in which openness in one person leads to openness in the other |
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| the range of areas in an individual's life over which disclosure takes place |
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| relationship behavior and status regulated by both parties' evaluations of perceived rewards and costs of interaction with each other |
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| the perceived rewards minusd the costs of inter-personal interaction |
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| minimax principle of human behavior |
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| people seek to maximize their benefits and minimize their cots |
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| the threshold above which an inteerpersonal outcome seems attractive; a standard for relational satisfcation |
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| comparison level of alternatives |
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| the best outcome available in other relationships; a standard for relational stability |
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| the belief that individuals should live their lives so as to maximize their own pleasure and minimize their own pain |
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| the assumption that people want both privacy and intimacy in their social relationships; tension between disclosure and withdrawal |
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| the tendency to claim a physical location or object as our own |
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| a systematic explanation of how people draw inferences about the character of others based upon observed behavior |
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| increased knowledge of what kind of person another is, which provides an improved forecast of how a future interaction will turn out |
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| a self-evident truth that requires no additional proof |
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| a proposition that logically and necessarily follows from two axioms |
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| mental representations of action sequences that may be used to achieve goals |
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| use of strategic ambiguity and humor to provide a way for both parties to save face when a message fails to achieve its goal |
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| the prediction that when people are thwarted in their attempts to achieve goals, their first tendency is to alter lower-level elements of their message |
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| an intercultural theory that claims high levels of uncertainty and anxiety lead to greater kisunderstanding when strangers don't communicate mindfully |
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| the feeling of being un-easy, tense, worried, or apprehensive about what might happen |
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| the extent to which a person interpreting a message does so in a way that's relatively eimilar to what was intended; minimizing misunderstanding |
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| the process of thinking in new categories, being open to new information, and recognizing multiple perspectives |
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| a forecast of future benefits and costs of interaction based on limited experience with the other |
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| sarah seybert and kait tromans |
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