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Theories on Delinquency
Theories and their creators
39
Criminology
Undergraduate 3
09/25/2013

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Cards

Term
Becarria/ Beatham
Definition
Choice Theory
Term
Cesare Lombroso
Definition
Trait Theory
Term
Choice Theory, basic assumption
Definition
Humans are rational, reasoning individuals who weigh and control their actions
Term
Application of Choice Theory
Definition
Punishment was thought to be the best deterrent for crime because it was assumed that crimes were the result of free will
Term
Classical School of Criminology Thought
Definition
Choice Theory: Free Will
Term
The Positive School of Criminology
Definition
denied the existence of free will and argued that people are born with an innate propensity toward certain forms of behavior
Term
The Father of Criminology
Definition
Cesare Lombroso
Term
Atavism
Definition
Criminals are a throw back to a savage, lower phase of human evolutioin
Term
William Sheldon
Definition
Biological Trait Theory (expanded)
Term
Study of body types (Sheldon)
Definition
made the argument for the connection between biology and behavior linked to social variables
Term
The Psychogenic Approach and Medical Model
Definition
Psychiatry and Psychology
Term
Psychiatry
Definition
medical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal behavior
Term
Pyschology
Definition
a behavioral science that associates mental processes with behavior
Term
Psychodynamic Theory
Definition
Sigmund Freud and Erikson
Term
Sigmund Frued
Definition
The unconscious mind consisted of the Id, Ego, and Superego
Crime is the outgrowth of the repressed, unconscious, emotional traumas of childhood
Term
Erikson
Definition
Identity crisis and latent delinquents
Term
Arousal Theorist
Definition
delinquency experts who believe that aggression is a function of the level of an individual's need for stimulation or arousal from the enviroment
Term
Evolutionary Theory
Definition
competition for scarce resources has influenced and shaped the human species
Term
Watson/ Skinner
Definition
Behavioral Theory
Term
Behavioral Theory
Definition
A branch of psychology concerned with the study of observable behavior rather than unconscious processes, focuses on particular stimuli and response to them.
Term
Social Learning Theory
Definition
postulates that a person's learning and social experiences combined with his/her values and expectations, determine behavior
Term
Social Learning Theory, Basic assumption
Definition
children will model their behavior according to the reactions they receive from others, either positive or negative
Term
Sociology, Basic assumption
Definition
Deviant behavior is inherently social in nature, there must be involvement with other people
Term
Shaw and McKay
Definition
Social Disorganization Theory
Term
Social Organization Theory
Definition
Used Concentric zone study and showed that poverty is related to crime
Term
Social Strain Theory, Basic assumption
Definition
delinquent behavior is the result of social circumstances in which individuals/groups experience confusion or disruption.
Term
Emile Durkheim
Definition
Social Strain Theory, Concept of Anomie
Term
Anomie
Definition
a high degree of confusion and contradiction in its basic social norm
Term
Robert K Merton
Definition
Social Strain Theory, General Strain Theory
Term
General Strain Theory
Definition
anomie results from the inability to get ahead in life; in the anomic state, the lower class turn to crime to succeed
Term
Merton Typology of Modes of Adaptive Behavior
Definition
Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, Rebellion
Term
Albert Cohen
Definition
Theory of Delinquent Subcultures
Term
Theory of Delinquent Subcultures, Basic Assumption
Definition
lower-class boys want to achieve success and higher social status, just like middle and upper class boys
Term
Cloward and Ohlin
Definition
Theory of Differential Opportunity
Term
Theory of Differential Opportunity, Basic Assumption
Definition
combined strain and social disorganization principles of Merton/ Cohen into gang sustaining delinquent subculture
Term
The Crime-oriented Gang
Definition
youth are recruited into established criminal gangs to provide a training ground for a successful delinquent career
Term
The Conflict-Oriented Gang
Definition
Gang members fight for to protect their own and their gang's integrity and honor
Term
The Retreatist-Oriented Gang
Definition
Ones that are unable to gain success through legitimate means and unwilling to do so through illegitimate means
Term
Differential Association Theory
Definition
Delinquent behavior is an expression of general needs and values, but it is not excused by those general needs and values
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