Term
| Operant analysis - skinner |
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Definition
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Term
| operant conditioning - skinner |
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Definition
| establishment of the linkage or association between a behavior and it’s consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| relationship between a behavior and it’s consequences |
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Term
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Definition
| responding differently in the presence of different situational events. |
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Term
| stimulus control - skinner |
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Definition
| process in which a persons response is determined by a particular stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| a cue that something is happening, stack of papers when you walk into class, you think an exam is happening. |
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Term
| Discriminative stimulus - skinner |
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Definition
| presence signals an individual to respond because he or she has learned previously that it’s presences leads to reinforcing consequences |
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Term
| Stimulus generalization skinner |
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Definition
| responses made in the presence of a particular stimulus come to be made in the presence of others, similar stimuli. |
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Term
| Positive reinforcement - skinner |
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Definition
| presentation of a positive reinforcer following a response, with the results that the rate of that response increases |
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Term
| negative reinforcement skinner |
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Definition
| removal of an aversive stimulus following |
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Term
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Definition
| reduction in behavior that occurs as a result of the failure to reinforce previously reinforced behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| teaching a new behavior by reinforcing responses that successively approximate it. |
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Term
| Discrimination training - skinner |
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Definition
| procedures in which person learns to confine certain behaviors to certain situations, ( dinning room table. . and to refrain from performing the behavior in other situations, (eg. watching tv. talking on the phone, lying in bed reading. ) |
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Term
| differential reinforcement of other behavior - skinner |
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Definition
| schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered at the end f a time interval during which no instances of unacceptable behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| making a response that is incompatible with an undesirable behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| patients earn tokens for performing behaviors that are necessary if they are to live effectively |
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Term
| Adversive techniques - skinner |
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Definition
| punishment is used to stop an undesirable behavior. |
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Term
| negative punishment - skinner |
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Definition
| decrease a behavior taking something away take away the i phone |
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Term
| positive punishment - skinner |
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Definition
| presenting something, like a spanking, |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates learning theorists dissatisfaction with the use of concepts that cannot be objectively assessed or validated as explanatory devices in attempts to account for behavior. Skinner believed in a substantial level of determinism rather than pure free will. |
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Term
| Primary reinforcements - skinner |
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Definition
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Term
| secondary reinforcements skinner |
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Definition
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Term
| Self control process - skinner |
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Definition
| actions instigated by a person to alter the conditions that influence his or her behavior. |
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Term
| Behavior modifications - skinner |
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Definition
| series of procedures that seek to change behavior through reliance on reinforcement principles or less often, by reliance on punishment principles. |
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Term
| Behavioral potential - rotter |
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Definition
| probability that a particular behavior will occur, as a function of the persons expectancies and the perceived value of the reinforcer secured by the behavior in a given situation |
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Term
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Definition
| cognition or belief about the property of some object or event. on a scale of 0-100 and it can always change. |
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Term
| Reinforcement value - rotter |
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Definition
| importance of a given reinforcer to an individual in relation to other reinforcers, if the probabilities of attaining all of them are equal. We are all unique an place different values on things. reward with steak dinner for accomplishment, a vegetarian won’t like that. |
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Term
| Psychological situation - rotter |
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Definition
| the meaning of the situation as it is defined by the person. how to behave in a situation. |
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Term
| Freedom of movement - rotter |
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Definition
| individuals expectancy that his or her behaviors will generally lead to success (high freedom of movement) or failure (low freedom of movement) in a given life area. How you think you are going to do, good, good, bad, bad. |
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Term
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Definition
| dividing point between those outcomes that produce feelings of satisfaction and those that produce dissatisfaction. |
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Term
| Internal/ External control of reinforcement - rotter |
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Definition
| internal it's your own fault,external i couldn't sleep, the quiz was BS. |
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Term
| Rotters basic assumptions |
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Definition
most of our behavior is earned and is acquired through our experiences with other people.
Emphasis on unity or interdependence of personality. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal external control of reinforcement: individuals belief that his or her behavior is sellf determined (internal control) or determined by outside factors (external control) |
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Term
| Personality development rotter |
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Definition
Personality development hinges largely on the range, diversity, and quality of the individuals experiences with other people.
Assumption is that stimulus generalization occurs so that other people who resemble the parents are perceived and evaluated in the same or similar ways. |
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Term
| Maladjusted people rotter |
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Definition
| characterized by low freedom of movement and a high need value, they learn how to avoid or defend themselves against actual or anticipated failure. |
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Term
| Rotters approach to Therapy |
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Definition
| psychotherapy is a learning process itself |
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Term
| Anticipated outcomes - Bandura |
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Definition
| persons expectancy that the performance of certain behaviors will secure certain reinforcers |
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Term
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Definition
type of learning in which individuals learn new behavior by observing others.
can’t learn everything by trial and error so we have to learn from others, or model.
Modeling theory bobo doll guy |
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Term
| Efficacy expectations - Bandura |
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Definition
| individuals convictions or beliefs that they can execute the behaviors required to produce certain response consequences. |
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Term
| guided participation modeling - Bandura |
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Definition
| procedure in which models first show study participants how to successfully tolerate increasingly threatening interactions with dreaded objects and then guide the participants through these threatening activities until they are finally able to master their fears. |
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Term
| efficacy exceptions depend of four factors Bandura |
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Definition
performance accomplishments
vicarious experiences
verbal persuasion
emotional arousal. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of learning in which individuals watch themselves behave in a situationally appropriate manner via videotape and then show the same behavior later on. |
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Term
| Triadic reciprocal determinism Bandura |
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Definition
| belief that cognition, behavior, and the environment operate interactively as determinants of one another. |
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Term
| anticipated outcomes - Bandura |
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Definition
| persons expectancy that the performance of certain behaviors will secure certain reinforcers |
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Term
| What determines whether or not a person imitates observed behavior of a model. - Bandura |
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Definition
| Characteristics of observer, model and the rewards and punishments associated with the model behavior |
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Term
| What are the effects of children viewing aggression in media - Banura |
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Definition
| children may learn aggression from viewing others |
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Term
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Definition
| philosophy that focuses on peoples attempts to make sense of there existence. |
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Term
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Definition
| developmental process whereby the individual seeks to realize his or her unique set of potentials. |
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Term
| Existential - analytic perspective - may |
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Definition
Like Rogers, he attended Union Theological Seminary.
He became interested in existentialist philosophy.
He contracted tuberculosis and was close to death several times. |
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Term
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Definition
| biological or natural environment in which humans beings exist(basic instincts to eat drink, our basic level |
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Term
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Definition
| world of interrelationships meaning we take with relationships with other people. |
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Term
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Definition
unique presence in human beings of self awareness.
We live amongst these all at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| we ourselves are the source of change as we struggle as individuals to realize our potential |
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Term
| Unhealthy individual- may |
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Definition
drives people to see themselves as separate from and superior to others. competition with everyone, no sense of belonging.
This creates serious mental health problems for people because it leaves them with no sense of community. |
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Term
| Reasons for disintegration - may |
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Definition
many people have acquired and exploitive competitiveness termed hyper competitiveness.
They relentlessly pursue personal success and material posessions
Loss of our sense of dignity and worth.
loss of our sense of relatedness to nature
Loss of our ability to relate to each other in a mature loving way. |
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Term
| Consequences for disintegration - may |
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Definition
feelings of emptiness, isolation from others, powerless, and loneliness.
Unhealthy communal orientation : others should be used to further ones own ends and to satisfy only ones personal goals.
Healthy communal orientation: other people should be treated with dignity and respect and helped when they are in need.
feeling of anxiety stem from loneliness an emptiness
Anxiety signals an internal conflict |
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Term
| Healthy communal orientation - may |
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Definition
| other people should be treated with dignity and respect and helped when they are in need. |
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Term
| unhealthy communal orientation - may |
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Definition
| : others should be used to further ones own ends and to satisfy only ones personal goals |
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Term
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Definition
| painful feeling that emanates from a realistic threat to our established values. |
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Term
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Definition
| painful feeling that is produced by an excessive reaction to a threat to our values. |
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Term
| Process of personality development - may |
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Definition
centers on the physical and psychological ties between us and our parents and parental substitutes.
We must assume responsibility for our actions or to let others make our decisions for us. |
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Term
| Stages of evolution - may |
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Definition
innocence: no consciousness of self, like as an infant, don’t know your going to die.
Rebellion: we seek to establish our inner strength. (2-3 and adolescence.)
ordinary consciousness of self: some awareness of prejudices and limitations.
creative consciousness of self: transcendence of the usual or ordinary limits of consciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
To make lonely and empty people more aware of themselves and their potential for growth through the expansion of consciousness
To understand the person as a being in the world. |
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Term
| The three modes of being in the world |
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Definition
| Umwelt, Mitwelt, Eigenwelt. |
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