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| Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) |
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| bx motivated by impulse, unconscious drives, sexual/aggressive instincts, infantile sexuality. based on treatment of hysteria (conversion dx-somatoform dx) |
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| Breur- Cathartic method, Darwin- theory of evolution, Physics- thermodynamics |
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| theory of the unconscious |
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| all that we are aware of, unstable, small motivator of bx |
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| holds impulses, repressed memories, seeks expression-> comes out in symbols |
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| bx determined by forces that we are unaware of |
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| limited amount of mental E that can only be transferred |
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| instincts (eror, thanatos) and mechanisms (cathexis, anticathexis) |
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| sex drive, life instincts, survival instincts. sex=link body and mind |
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| to satisfy a personal drive |
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| source of psychic E, wishes and fantasies |
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| reduce tension caused by drives |
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| creation of mental image to reduce tension aka wish fulfillment |
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| evolves, helps satisfy Id, rational, logical |
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| put off action until it can be satisfied |
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| problem-solving, plan of action |
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| moral branch, result of socialization, perfection |
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| child's perception of what parents convey is good |
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| child's perception of what parents convey is bad |
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| each concept is trying to exert influence: id <-> ego <-> superego |
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| psychosexual stages, fixation and adult personality |
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| 0-1. feelings of security. tension of hunger reduced by mouth fix |
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| 1-3. toilet training, learning self-control |
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| 3-5. genitals, love, rivalry, possession |
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| resent, envy, fear of father |
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| female desires penis. recognizes difference of power |
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| repressed desires. reduced infantile egocentrism, identification with same sex parent |
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| 5-puberty. sex drive in tranquil |
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| libido reactives. re-direct sexual E onto external love object. love = merge of sexuality and affection |
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| fixation and adult personality |
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| problems at early age, regression when under stress |
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| overindulge during feeding -> immature |
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| frustration during feeding -> verbally aggressive, negative |
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| refusal/holding back -> orderly, obstinate, controlling |
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| parental strictness -> cruel, impulsive, destructive |
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| anxiety and defense mechanisms |
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| conflict Id and superego, fear of doing something bad |
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| repression of impulse and fear of punishment if expression is not controlled |
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| when anxiety is internal. unconscious distortions of reality, protects ego from anxiety |
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| personality reconstruction, increase insight and self-understanding (i.e. making the unconscious conscious), lift clients repressions, id conscious motivations and trace them back to past experiences->strengthens the ego |
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| say whatever comes to mind. allow disclosure of unconscious material. no pressure to sensor thoughts |
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| not showing up, changing the subject, getting angry at the therapist...when repressed materials start to surface. sign that person is getting close to something significant. |
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| manifest content = surface content, latent content = implied meaning |
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| patient behaves toward therapist as they had with significant other. often a parent or partner. can be love and dependency or hate and anger. suggests unresolved issues with past relationships and maybe repeated maladaptive bx |
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| summary on psychoanalysis |
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| empirical verification difficult -> can't operationalize |
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| psychoanalysis v cbt studies, mri and unconscious processing. can't be tested. |
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| weak on female psychology |
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| penis envy, suggests females are incomplete males |
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| major influence on psychotherapy practice |
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| some theories are still used (defense mechanisms), revolutionized mental treatment (talk therapies) |
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